Test 2 Flashcards
(99 cards)
1
Q
Archetype
A
A very typical example of a certain person or thing
Ex- wizard, antihero
2
Q
Monomyth
A
The hero’s journey that is the common template of a brad category of tales that involve a hero who goes on an adventure, and in a decisive crisis wins a victory, and then comes home changed or transformed
3
Q
The hero’s journey summarized
A
Call to adventure -> meeting a mentor -> crossing threshold -> trials and failure -> growth (new skills) -> death and rebirth -> revelation -> family changes -> atonement -> gets gift -> return changed
4
Q
Panhellenic
A
Very popular
- known throughout Greek world
- “all greece”
5
Q
Heroes in ancient world
A
- Selfish
- Don’t necessarily serve a greater good
- Generally but not always have a 1 divine parent
- Occupy a space in the cosmic hierarchy between the gods and humans
6
Q
Story of Perseus
A
- Trouble begins with a prophecy
- Mother named Danae who is the princess of a city named Argos, her father named Akrisos gets a prophecy at the oracle at Delphi. The oracle says “your grandson will kill you.” Akrisos freaks out and locks Danae into a tower where she has no access or interaction with any men. Danae just sits there and doesn’t get pregnant. Zeus sees Danae just chilling in this tower and decides to get busy with her. But he cant come to her as a man because she is being watched, so he visits her as a “golden shower” and impregnates her. Akrisos freaks out and puts Danae into a chest and pushes them off a cliff into the ocean. Akrisos thinks that if they die it’s just a side effect since Akrisos cant kill Zeus’ kid. They float all the way to the coast of turkey where they get picked up by a fisherman. The fisherman takes them into his home and raises Perseus as his own. The fisherman’s brother, Polydectes’ is the king of that land. Polydectes’ falls in love with Danae and wants to marry her but Perseus is like no way. One day the kings’s daughter gets married and Perseus doesnt bring a gift. Perseus says oh my bad. Polydectes says thats rude. So perseus says that to make up for it Perseus will get anything Polydectes wants. Polydectes thinks he can get Perseus to go on a wild goose chase and then he can marry Danae. Polydectes asks for Medusas head.
7
Q
How does Perseus get Medusa’s head
A
Athena (who is the patron god of heroes) tells Perseus to go meet “the fates” (3 women who share one eye) who know everything. The fates refuse to tell Perseus anything so he steals their eye until the Gratii tell him where the Garden of Hesperides is, which will provide him with a bag to store the head. He gets there and the women tending the garden of Hesperides give him a bag to keep Medusa’s head in. Then a bunch of gods and goddesses show up and start giving him stuff. Perseus uses a mirror on the shield to keep from being turned to stone. He cuts off her head and runs away from the gorgon. From the stump of her neck two figures show up: pegasus and chrysaor
8
Q
What gift does Athena give Perseus
A
-A magic shield
9
Q
What gift does Hermes give Perseus
A
-Winged sandals
10
Q
What gift does Hades give Perseus
A
Helmet of invisibility
11
Q
What gift does Zeus give Perseus
A
Special sword
12
Q
2 stories of Medusa
A
- She bragged about her beauty, catches the eye of Poseidon and sleeps with him in the temple of Athena. Athena mad and makes her into the monster
- Poseidon assaulted Medusa in the temple of Athena and Medusa is just the one to get punished.
13
Q
What two things come out of Medusa’s neck?
A
- Pegasus (winged horse)
- Chrysaor
14
Q
On Perseus way back to give Medusa’s head to Polydectes who does he see chained to a rock? why is this person chained to a rock?
A
Andromeda; because her mom sacrificed her to protect their city from a sea monster brought on the city because her mom upset Poseidon. Poseidon says he will defeat the sea monster and then he marries Andromeda
15
Q
Garden of Hesperides
A
Magical garden that has a magical tree in the center of it that bears magical golden fruit. The tree is guarded by a magical spynx
16
Q
What happens when Perseus returns with Medusas head?
A
He puts it on the table and Polydecteus turns to stone. Perseus gives Medusa’s head to Athena and Athena attaches it to breast plate/shield and uses it as a weapon
17
Q
What happens to Danae at the end of the story of Perseus
A
She doesnt end up marrying Polydecteus instead she marries the fisherman and they live happily ever after.
18
Q
Final resolution in the Perseus story
A
- remember the oracle at Delphi?
- Perseus is participating in athletic competitions when he misfires a disk that hits a man in the crows, which ended up being Akrisos (his grandpa) who couldn’t avoid fate after all.
19
Q
Story of Oedipus
A
About a guy who ends up sleeping with his mom.
Oedipus’ parents are the king and queen of Thebes (Laus and Jocasta). Laus goes to get a prophecy from the oracle at delphi that says his kid is gonna kill him and marry his mom. Laus and Jocasta are worried because Jocasta is pregnant. Decide to leave baby in the forest thinking he might get eaten by wolves or something. Instead a king from a neighboring city comes by and finds oedipus and raises him as his own. They never tell Oedipus that he is adopted. Oedipus grows up and gets an oracle from Delphi which says hes gonna kill his dad and marry his mom. (fail to mention his REAL parents not his adopted ones that he thinks are his real parents). Oedipus leaves the kingdom to prevent this from happening. He makes his way to Thebes but on the way he gets into an argument with a guy and ends up killing him. Oedipus gets to Thebes where he finds out the king has just been killed (w2g Oedipus) and there is a horrible monster guarding the entrance to Thebes, the Spynx. People of Thebes say whoever can defeat the Spynx gets to become king. Oedipus defeats the Spynx by solving its riddle and he becomes king and marries jocasta and then they have two children. Many years pass and then Tyreseus shows up and goes oh by the way you married your mom. Oedipus pokes out his eyes and jocasta kills herself. Oedipus leaves thebes and goes into exile
20
Q
Who tells Oedipus he married his mom?
A
Tyreseus
21
Q
Spynx riddle
A
“A thing there is whose voice is one;
Whose feet are four and two and three.
So mutable a thing is none
that moves in earth or sky or sea.
When
on most feet this thing doth go,
Its strength is weakest and its pace most slow.”
22
Q
What is Theseus an example of
A
Local (specifically connected to Athens) and panhelenic hero
23
Q
How many labors does Theseus have?
A
6
24
Q
How many labors does hercules have?
A
12
-Originally 10 but 2 were not counted so he added 2 more making 12
25
Where is Theseus from
Attica
26
Theseus story
Some versions have Theseus son of mortal woman and poseidon. Version more popular makes Theseus son of king of Athens' Aegus.
King Aegus has a lot of enemies in Athens so when he decides to have a child he has a child with a woman who doesnt live in Athens. He tells the woman to raise Theseus away from Athens and dont tell anyone he exists because hes afraid he will be punished by my enemies. Tells her that eventually Theseus can come to Athens and claim his birthright. Gives Theseus an obstacle which is a sword that says "you're a hero" and he puts it under a boulder. When Theseus can move the boulder he can take the sword and come to Athens. Theseus wants to go to Athen's mom says g8 theres two ways one by land and one by sea, The sea way will be safer, but Theseus decides to take the land way which is very dangerous bc hes you know a hero (call to adventure a hero does not need to take). During his journey he comes into many obstacles these are his "labors."
27
Where is Theseus raised?
In a city called Troezen
28
Which labor overlaps Herakles and Theseus?
Labor of the Bull (same bull but called different name)
| Herakles does the Cretan bull and Theseus does the Marathon bull
29
What is Thesus most famous adventure
Not necessarily his labors but his defeat of the minotaur
30
Crete and the Minotaur
Athens periodically sends young men and women to the island Crete to be fed to a half bull/half man monster who has been confined in a maze, labyrinth
31
Background to Minotaur
King of Crete, man named Minos. Poseidon sends a beautiful bull crete and says Minos sacrifice this bull to me. Minos says eh rather not, im gonna hold onto it. Poseidon thinks this is unacceptable so he causes Minos' wife (pacife?) to fall passionately in love with the bull. Wife tells Delos? to make her a cow suit so she can have sex with the bull. Wife has a child of the bull and the child is the minotaur. Minotaur eats people. Minos doesnt know what to do with the minotaur so he asks Delos to build a maze (labyrinth) so that the minotaur cant escape but Minos can keep it alive by feeding people to it. Athens supplies the people.
32
Theseus and the Minotaur
Theseus is a hero so he travels to Crete and plans to kill the minotaur. Ariadne is the daughter of the king of Crete and she wants to see the world. (parallel to jason and medea where daughter of the king, medea, also helps the hero) Ariadne falls in love with Theseus and tells him that if he helps her get off the island she will help him get out of the labyrinth. Theseus says good deal. Theseus follows her advice with the yarn and defeats the minotaur and then gets out of the maze.
33
What does Ariadne give Theseus to help him escape?
A ball of yarn and tells him to put one end of the yarn at the door and then unravel it as you go so you can trace your way back out.
34
Theseus' promise to Ariadne
Promised to get her off the island after he defeated the minotaur. Theseus takes her on his ship and they begin to sail back to Athens. On the way the stop on a beach where Ariadne decides to take a nap. While she is asleep Theseus gets back on the ship and says peace out Ariadne enjoy your life.
Another version - Theseus went back to his ship to get something and the wind just blew him away
Another version - Athena tells Theseus to move along and forget Ariadne then Dionysos and Ariadne get married
35
Kernel of historical truth to the Theseus story?
| Is there one?
- That there was a civilization called the Minoans who lived on the island of crete during the bronze age, which is when the greeks thought all the gods were alive.
- Minoans well known for their connection to the bull - bull leaping
- Place where they lived looked similar to a labyrinth
- Argument that ancient greeks saw art of the Minoans and the origin of the minotaur and the labyrinth got started
36
Synoikismos
- Attributed to athens from theseus
- Unification of smaller settlements/villages into larger polity; not necessarily spatially, politically (believe theseus did this)
- Crucial step bc without him doing this the later development of Athen's democracy would not be what it is
- According to Athenians Theseus has a major role in the political and social landscape around Athens
37
What are theseus Panhellenic expressions as a god
Minotaur and labors
38
Hippolytus
- Son of Theseus and Hippolyta
| - Hippolyta is a queen of the Amazons
39
The Amazons and Theseus
Amazons are a group of warrior women who are so war like that the way they added to their society was by kidnapping men and force them to impregnate the Amazons and then kill them and their sons and save the daughters. Some myths have them burning off one breast in order to shoot a bow and arrow. Theseus carries off the queen and brings her to Attica and they have children together. This prompts the Amazonians to invade Attica and attack Athens and Theseus has to push them back.
*some versions have hercules killing hippolyta when he goes to complete his labor of the Amazons
40
In art how are Amazons depicted
- Warrior women who are carrying weapons and wearing armor, like men.
- Amazons are not portrayed naked
- Often but not always there are painted white - tradition women get painted white bc they are always inside
- Anatomically female features (breasts)
41
Why are men showed naked in art?
- Typically depicted naked bc nakedness is an attribute of being a hero
- about showing their strength
42
Why does Eurystheus add 2 more labors
- Because two were not done exclusively by Herakles.
| - They were the Hydra and the Stables.
43
T/F Herakles is son of Hera
False - he is the stepson
44
Who is the constant antagonist of Herakles?
Hera - she sends snakes in his crib as a baby to try and kill him but he instead strangles them
45
Who is Herakles brother?
Iphicles - who is full moral
46
Hera and Herakles
Hera make Herakles go temporarily mad and he thinks enemies are invading his home when its actually his family. After Herakles goes mad and kills his family he goes to the oracle at Delphi to discover how to atone for his crime. Apollo sends him to the city of Mycenae where he has to service the king, Eurystheus
47
Why is Herakles named Herakles
-Mom wanted to appease Hera
or
-Herakles is named this because he spends most of his life with Hera trying to get at him
48
Stipulations for completing the labors by Eurystheus
- Without the aid of mortal help
| - Has to be him who completes it
49
Who does Herakles get help from when defeating the Hydra/why does it not count
Has a cousin/nephew that helps him with the hydra which makes it not count
50
Why does Stables not count
Giant stable that has never been cleaned - has to clean it over one night. Decides to dig a trench and redirect a river through the stable - Eurystheus
51
Who was Herakles the son of
Zeus and a mortal woman, Alkmene
52
How does Alkmene become pregnant
- Her husband goes away to war
- Zeus appeared to Alkmene pretending to be her husband and she becomes pregnant with Herakles
- In some versions, Alkmene also becomes pregnant by her real husband and has twins - one demigod the son of zeus (herakles) and one fully mortal (Iphicles)
53
What gift was Herakles given?
Superhuman strength
54
How is Herakles typically depicted in art
- Nude with two attributes: lion-skin cape and a club
- Sometimes he also uses a bow and arrow and in a few rare cases a sword
- Shown bearded or clean shaven
- Often shown completing a labor
55
Why does stable not count
Eurystheus argues that the stables were not cleaned by Herakles himself but by the river
56
What were the 2 labors added
- Apples of the Hesperides
| - Cerberus (3 headed dog of underworld)
57
The Nemean Lion labor
- The Mission: to kill the Nemean Lion
- The Challenge: The huge lion could not be injured by any man-made weapons (swords, spears, etc)
- The Solution: Herakles wrestles the lion and chokes him to death
58
The Lernaean Hydra
- The Mission: to kill the nine-headed Hydra
- The Challenge: one of the Hydra’s heads was immortal; whenever each of the remaining heads was chopped off, two more would spring up in its place
- The Solution: Herakles and his nephew (Iolaus) used torches to burn the stumps of the severed heads to prevent new heads from growing; Herakles buries the immortal head
59
The Ceryneian Hind
- The Mission: to capture the Ceryneian hind
- The Challenge: The hind (a stag) had golden horns and was able to run faster than anything alive; it was protected by Artemis and lived deep in the forest
- The Solution: Unable to kill the hind, Herakles had to track the hind over the course of a full year, which took him all over the Greek world. Eventually, he injured or captured the hind while it slept, brought it before Eurystheus and then allowed the hind its freedom
60
The Erymanthian Boar
- The Mission: to capture the Erymanthian Boar
- The Challenge: The boar was massive, fast and ferocious.
- The Solution: Despite his best efforts, the boar initially eluded capture by the hero; finally, Herakles takes advantage of a winter storm and captures the boar by chasing him through a deep snow. He brought the boar to Eurystheus, who was so frightened when the animal was presented to him that he hid from Herakles and the boar in a large vase.
61
The Augean Stables
- The Mission: to clean the stables of King Augeus
- The Challenge: the Stymphalian birds were preying upon a village of people; the flock was huge, they ate man-flesh, and their nests were located in the middle of a swamp and difficult to get to
- The Solution: Athena gave Herakles a magic rattle (no, really) which spooked the birds from their roosts, and he shot them all with a bow (or a slingshot) as they tried to fly away.
62
The Cretan Bull
- The Mission: to catch the Cretan Bull
- The Challenge: A large bull sent by Poseidon was terrorizing the island of Crete (this is the same bull that Pasiphae, the wife of Minos, fell in love with, and whom fathered upon Pasiphae the famous Minotaur)
- The Solution: Herakles wrestled the bull and shipped him back to Eurystheus (the bull is eventually let loose and takes up residence in Marathon, where it later was defeated during a labor of Theseus).
63
The Horses of Diomedes
- The Mission: to steal the man-eating horses of Diomedes
- The Challenge: The horses had been driven mad by their diet of humans, and Diomedes didn’t want to surrender them
- The Solution: Herakles kills Diomedes, feeds him to his own horses, and successfully delivers them to Eurystheus.
64
The Belt of Hippolyta
- The Mission: to steal the girdle of Hippolyta, the Queen of the Amazons
- The Challenge: The Greeks were notoriously wary of the Amazons and their distaste for men.
- The Solution: Herakles explains his mission to Hippolyta, and she agrees to give him the girdle but Hera won’t let Herakles off that easily—she impersonates an Amazon, and claims that Herakles is trying to cart off their queen. The Amazons attack Herakles, who thinks he’s been double- crossed by Hippolyta. He kills Hippolyta, defeats her Amazons and makes off with the girdle.
65
The Cattle of Geryon
- The Mission: to capture the cattle of Geryon, a three-bodied monster
- The Challenge: Geryon lived across a vast western sea, which was impossible to get to; Geryon also had three-bodies (and according to some accounts, wings) and wasn’t enthusiastic about giving up his cattle.
- The Solution: Herakles borrows a cup from the god Helios that he uses as a boat, and sails to Geryon’s island. He fights the three-bodied monster, puts the cattle in his cup-boat and sails back to Greece.
66
The Apples of the Hesperides
- The Mission: to bring back the apples of the Hesperides
- The Challenge: The apples were located in a garden guarded by a dragon with 100 heads and were cared for by the Hesperides, a group of nymphs and daughters of Atlas (the Titan who held the orb of the world on his shoulders). The garden was located on the edge of the world, but in an unknown direction and exact location.
- The Solution: Herakles consulted Atlas, the father of the Hesperides, about the location of the garden and the best way to bring back the apples. Atlas offered to get the apples for Herakles in exchange for the hero holding the sky/world on his shoulders while the Titan was away. Herakles agrees, Atlas retrieves the apples and returns to inform Herakles that Atlas himself would return to Greece to bring Eurystheus the apples. Herakles, sensing a trick, agrees to the plan, but asks Atlas first to hold the sky/world for a moment to allow Herakles to arrange a pad on his shoulders, so that the hero might more comfortably hold the orb. Atlas agrees, and Herakles makes off with the apples
67
Cerberus
- The Mission: to capture Cerberus, the three-headed guardian dog of the Underworld
- The Challenge: Cerberus was ferocious and belonged to Hades; according to some accounts, he ate people and had a snake for a tail
- The Solution: Herakles asks Hades’ permission to take Cerberus to Eurystheus; Hades agrees, but only if Herakles can take the animal without weapons. Herakles does what he always does, and wrestles the animal until it submits, then Herakles carries him back to Eurystheus, who is terrified of the animal and demands he be returned immediately to the Underworld (Eurystheus hides in his pot again).
68
Who is the author of Alcestis?
Eurpides
69
Main plot of Alcestis
- Apollo's reward to admetus, which is that he can cheat death but he has to have someone volunteer to die in his place. He asks his mom and dad and they both say no
- Alcestis volunteers to die in her husbands place
- Herakles shows up and can tell that someone has died based on the fact that there are obvious signs of mourning. Admetus lies/is obscure in how he answers according to Herakles.
- Herakles already knows that Alcestis has volunteered to die in his place - but eventually he finds out it has already happened which is why they are all in kourning
- Herakles goes and drunkly wrestles Alcestis from death bringing her back from the dead
70
Why does Admetus say his dad should have died instead
Because he is older than Alcestis and should have volunteered because he has lived a long time already
71
What is Apollo the god of
Prophecy
72
For all your brute ferocity you shall be stopped. The man to do it is on the way to Pheres’ house now, on an errand from Eurystheus, sent to steal a team of horses from the wintry lands of Thrace. He shall be entertained here in Admetus’ house and he shall take the woman away from you by force, nor will you have our gratitude, but you shall still be forced to do it, and to have my hate beside” (64-71
-Apollos promise
"sent to steal a team of horses from the wintry lands of Thrace"
"he shall take the woman away from you by force"
73
Why doesnt Admetus tell Herakles the truth?
- Doesnt want to be a bad host
- Best Friends
- Afraid Herakles wont want to impose
74
T/F: Aeschylus wrote Alcestis.
False
75
Which god gifted Admetus with the ability to escape Death?
Apollo
76
Describe Alcestis’ character in this play?
Loyal; self less
77
When Herakles arrives to Admetus' house he is on his way to complete what famous Labor?
The horses of Diomedes
78
What does Alcestis fear will happen to her children in Admetus remarries?
Admetus’ new wife will hate the children.
79
Which of the following is NOT a sign of mourning adopted by Admetus and his household in this play?
- Not playing music for 12 moons
- Not speaking to strangers for 3 days
- Wearing black
- Cutting their hair
- Scratching cheeks
-Not speaking to strangers for three days
80
Who does Admetus ask to die in his place before Alcestis?
His father
81
Who is the Chorus in this play of Alcestis
Old men/city elders
82
Why did Admetus’ object to taking care of the strange woman presented to him by Herakles?
People will think that Admetus is quickly entering into a new relationship after his wife’s death
83
How does Herakles overpower Death?
He wrestles death
84
T/F: Herakles wrestles the river god Achelous for the right to marry Deianira.
True
85
In Ovid, Herakles fights Nessus, who is:
A centaur
86
What is the name of the companions who travel with Jason on his quest?
The Argonauts
87
In the tale by Ovid, Jason visits Colchis to recover what object?
The Golden Fleece
88
Why does Medea help Jason in his quest in Ovid’s Metamorphoses?
Because she fall in love with him
89
How does Medea help Jason in his task in Ovid’s Metamorphoses?
She gives him herbs that help protect him during his quest.
90
T/F: Think about what you know of Medea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, in addition to the early comments made about Medea’s character by the Nurse and Creon. Based on these factors, it is reasonable to predict that Medea’s revenge on Jason will not be violent and/or cruel.
False
91
Which of the following characters does not seem to be genuinely sympathetic to Medea’s plight at the beginning of the play?
- Nurse
- Writer of the play
- Chorus
- Jason
Jason
92
Who makes up the Chorus in Jason and Medea
The women of corinth
93
At the beginning of the play Creon has passed an edict against Medea. What does this edict order?
Medea and children will be exiled from Corinth
94
“Vilest of creatures! … You’ve come to us, the worst enemy of the gods and me and the whole human race!” To whom is Medea referring in these lines?
Jason
95
T/F: Medea and Jason have children together.
True
96
Achelous and herakles
- Achelous is a river god who wanted to ask for Deinira for her hand. Herakles was also a suitor who showed up to ask for her hand. None of the other suitors wanted to compete with herakles or the river got so they backed off and left Achelous and Herakles to make their offers to Deinira's father.
- Herakles said, "if you let me marry your daughter shell have my old man Jupiter (Zeus) for a father-in-law"
- Achelous said "Yo, im a god; this herakles dude is only a demigod. It would be an outrage if you picked him over me"
- Achelous starts laying it on Herakles telling him that he's obviously lying about Zeus being his dad or his mom is just sleeping around..
- Herakles and Achelous start fighting and Achelous turns himself into a snake, which Herakles starts choking. Then Achelous turns into a bull, which Herakles beats and then rips off the horn.
- Herakles wins and gets to take Deinira to be his wife
97
Herakles and Nessus
- Herakles is leading his new bride, Deianira back to his hometown of Tiryns
- Eventually they find the path blocked by a river. Herakles would not have a problem crossing it himself but is worried for Deianira
- Just then a centaur, Nessus shows up and says he will carry Deianira across the river - herakles agrees even tho Deianira is worried about it
- Herakles makes it across but turns around to find Nessus carrying her off
- Herakles shoots Nessus in the back with his bow - which had posion on the arrow head
- As Nessus is dying he tells Deianira to take his blood and when Herakles starts to fall out of love with her give it to him because it will make him fall back in love with her
- Eventually Herakles does start looking at other girls and losing interest so Deianira does what Nessus told her and soaks a cloak in blood and gives it to Herakles - he puts it on and then bursts into flames
- Nothing helps Herakles so he plans to just burn himself to death
- Herakles doesnt die but the mortal part of just gets burned away and then Jupiter comes down to earth and takes his son up to live on Mt.Olympus
98
Jason and the golden Fleece
- There is a prophecy that Pelias will be overthrown by a man with one sandal
- Jason shows up (with only one sandal on) and demands that his uncle Pelias return the throne to him (Pelias stole the throne from Jason's father Aeson)
- Pelias says that he will give the throne back if Jason goes and gets the golden fleece
- Jason agrees but first gets a ship called the Argo that was build by Argus
- Jason assembles a massive group of heroes/demigods of ancient greece to tag along and help out - called the "Argonauts"
- After many adventures they eventually they make it to the island of Colchis where the golden fleece is.
- Jason asks the king for the fleece and he says no
- Medea, the kings daughter, sees jason and immediately falls in love with him.
- Medea is a witch and she says that she will brew Jason some potions to help him get the fleece if he will promise to help her get off the island. Jason says yes.
- Medea and the Argonauts get the fleece and then flee
- King sends people after them
- Medea casually brought her brother along with so she decides to cut him up and throw him in the ocean because then the kings ships have to stop to collect all the piece in order to bury him
- Medea tells jason that they are married now, he goes okay yeah sure
- Jason brings back fleece and pelias says im still gonna be king
- Medea goes to pelias daughters and says she can make him immortal if they do what she says. (which includes killing him)
- Jason and Medea flee to corinth
- Jason tells Medea he married someone else and then she freaks out
99
How did the golden fleece come about?
- Phrixus had been about to be sacrificed when the ram flew out of the sky and saved him
- When Phrixus arrived in Colchis he sacrificed the ram to the gods and hung its Golden Fleece in a grove of trees
- Dragon is put to protect the golden fleece
