Test #2 Flashcards
(44 cards)
Romanticism
looser and more extended FORMS, greater experimentation with HARMONY and TEXTURE, richly expressive and memorable MELODIES, improved musical instruments, an interest in musical NATIONALISM and view of music as moral force, in which there was link between the artists’ inner lives and the world around them
Revolutions of 1848
Lots of countries had revolutions that all failed.
Instruments became an industry and not a craft
Music publishing became widespread
Role of music publishing
Amateurs needed music to play. Music publishers created catalogs with thousands of pieces for sale.
Lied/Lieder
Art song typically for solo voice and piano. German words. Schubert Gretchen am Spinnrade
Song Cycle
A group of art songs performed in succession that tells or suggests a story
Strophic Form
Same music for each stanza. A A A…
Modified Strophic Form
Variant of strophic form in which the music for the first stanza is varied for later stanzas. Considered a rudimentary Theme and Variations.
Through Composed Form
New music for each stanza or unit of poetry. Opposite of Strophic form
Program music
Instrumental music that tells a story or follows a narrative or other sequence of events, often spelled out in an accompanying text called a program”
without words in the music (unlike an opera or song) or any acting (unlike an opera or ballet)
Symphonie Fantastique - Berlioz
Idée fixe
fixed idea or obsession, term coined by Berlioz for a melody that is used throughout a peace to represent a person, thing, or idea, transforming it to suit the mood and situation
Cyclic form
multiple sections or movements, in which a theme, melody, or thematic material occurs in more than one movement as a unifying device. Sometimes a theme may occur at the beginning and end
Symphonie Fantastique - Berlioz
Dies irae
Traditional Funeral chant. Used in Berlioz’s Symphonie Fantastique
Romantic Orchestration
More players - 100+ players
Forms are expanded
Meant to be understood as more emotional and passionate
Bach Revival
Mendelssohn rediscovered how good Bach was
Nocturne
Short composition of a romantic or dreamy character suggestive of night, typically for piano.
Nocturne in D-flat Major - Chopin
Etude
Short musical composition typically for a single instrument. Designed as an exercise to improve a technique or demonstrate ability.
Pentatonic Scale
five notes per octave.
Trois etudes de concert, no. 3 - Liszt
Octatonic (Diminished) Scale
Scale alternating between half and whole steps. Eight note per octave. Only three of them.
Opera seria
Serious opera, Italian, usually has to do with gods or mythology.
Opera buffa
Smart, witty, and satirical. Orphee aux enfers - Jacques Offenbach
bel canto
Italian operatic style. Lyrical, effortless vocal technique, melody is the most important element. Rossini
Cavatina
Double Aria
Catabile
Slow, lyrical expression of calm moods
Cabaletta
Final movement, final and more active part of the aria, often repeated with embellishments
