TEST 2 Flashcards
(67 cards)
Braxton hicks contractions
Practice contractions. Eventually turns into the real thing. 36 weeks?
When the minutes between contractions becomes _______ you go to the hospital. And also, how many minutes in rural areas?
Usually go to the hospital when there’s 5 mins between contractions.
If you live in a rural area, 7-8 mins
3 stages of birth
1a. Dilation and effacement of the cervix
1b. Transition—most intense
2a. Pushing
2b. Birth of the baby
3a. Delivery of placenta
What’s the normal positioning of the baby? (Head first or last)
Head first is normal.
Any other position is breach position
Which country has the highest rate of maternal mortality out of developed countries?
U. S. Has the worst rate out of developed countries
26/100,000 die giving birth
Postpartum warning signs
- bleeding that is heavier than normal period or gets worse.
- discharge or pain or redness that doesn’t go away or looks worse.
- sadness longer than 10 days.
- fever of 104+
- pain going to the bathroom
- pain in legs
- pain or red streaks in breast
- lower belly pain
- vaginal discharge that smells bad
How many mothers get baby blues? (Last about 10 days or less)
80%
How many mothers suffer postpartum depression?
15-30%
What occurs with postpartum psychosis
Psychotic episodes. She gave an example of her friend waking up from a nap and then throwing stuff at the baby and strange doesn’t want the baby anymore. Then she went to the hospital for a few weeks and recovered and got through the psychosis and then came back and said she still wanted her baby and that what she said she didn’t mean.
Newborn development (the APGAR scale) What are the criteria they test for and what scores mean what?
Appearance of the baby Pulse (heart rate) Grimace (reflex irritability) Activity (moving arms and legs) Respiration (breathing) Want a score of 7 or higher 4-6 needs help breathing 3 or below is in imminent danger
What did low APGAR scores mean a while ago and what do they mean now with our new technology?
Back then it meant that children would most likely not be able to live by themselves. Now there are good interventions
Myth about breastfeeding
Some people think they can use this as a method of birth control. It is not an effective method of birth control.
Colostrum
Perfect food for newborn baby. This is what the mom produces right when the baby is born.
How long should you breastfeed?
Start within one hour of birth. Continue for at least six months. AAP says continue for 1yr.
WHO says 2yrs.
Infant states of arousal
Regular sleep: 8-9 hrs/day (not consecutive) Irregular sleep: 8-9hrs/ day Drowsiness: varies by baby Quiet alertness: 2-3hrs/ day Waking activity and crying: 1-4hrs/ day
Collic
Crying a lot. Inconsolable.
Had less of the beneficial bacteria.
Ways to soothe a crying baby
Hold on shoulder and rock or walk Swaddle Offer pacifier Go for a ride Massage Combine methods Let cry for a short time
Swaddling (how long?)
If a baby likes to be swaddled, still don’t do it more than one hour per day
What is the most advanced sense at birth and the least advanced?
Newborn sense of hearing is the most advanced sense at birth. They prefer the complex sounds too pure tones. They learn sound patterns within days.
Newborn sense of vision is the least developed sense at birth. Visual structures and eyes and brain not fully formed. Color vision improves in first two months
SIDS
Sudden infant death syndrome
- avoid tobacco
- leading cause of death in babies 1mo-1yr.
- new research on serotonin levels
- “back to sleep”-lay baby on back to sleep
- avoid soft bedding, overhearing baby, or toys in crib
- breast feed and offer pacifiers
- avoid co-sleeping, especially if using drugs, alcohol, or is obese
Infancy
- gain 50% in height from birth to age 1
- 75% by age 2
- grow in spurts
- gain “baby fat” until about 9 mo.s then get slimmer- walks around, active
- girls slightly shorter and lighter than boys
Cephalocaudal
- “head to tail”
- lower part of body grows later than head
Proximodisal
- “near to far”
- extremities grow later than head, chest, and trunk
Brain plasticity
-in infants and young children, parts of brain are not yet specialized
-recover better from brain injury
(Language recovers better than spatial skills)
(Still have some problems with complex mental skills)
-older children, even adults, have some plasticity
