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Honors Psychology > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

The strongest indicator if the success of therapy is __________.

A

The personality of the therapist

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2
Q

What was Sigmund Freud’s theory about bad behavior?

A
  • people are an accumulation of everything they ever experienced, consciously or subconsciously
  • bad memories get repressed
  • bad behavior is a result of too many bad things being repressed and the subconscious can’t contain it
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3
Q

What were Freud’s theraputic techniques?

A
  • Free Association
  • Dream Interpretation
  • Hypnosis
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4
Q

What does Freud look for in his patients during free association?

A
  • Transference
  • Counter-transference
  • Primary Process
  • Resistance
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5
Q

Compare and contrast: Manifest Content vs. Latent Content

A

Manifest Content:
- what actually occurs in the dream

Latent Content:
- what the dream means

Both:
- are the components of dreams

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6
Q

What is Freud’s theory on the Id, Superego, and Ego? Define each.

A

Id:

  • basic human drive
  • pleasure seeking
  • instant gratification
  • baby part of a person

Superego:

  • restrictions/inhibitions that are formed by caretakers
  • conscience

Ego:
-compromises between the desires of the Id and restrictions of the Superego

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7
Q

Define Transference.

A

When a patient transfers the feelings they may have for someone else onto the therapist

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8
Q

Define Counter-transference.

A

When the patient invokes feelings in the therapist (e.g: when the patient looks like the therapist’s mother). If the counter-trasference is too strong, the therapist is not ethically allowed to treat the patient.

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9
Q

Define Primary Process and list the forms it could take.

A

Primary Process:
- uncensored thoughts

Can take the form of…

  • dreams
  • Parapraxis (freudian slip)
  • hypnosis
  • free association
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10
Q

Define Resistance.

A

When the patient begins to resist treatment (e.g: skipping appointments regularly). Usually this means the therapist is getting close to the root of the problem.

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11
Q

What are some criticisms of Freud?

A
  • He made up everything. His theories are impossible to prove or disprove because they are of concepts, not of physical parts of the brain.
  • all of his theories were based on sick people
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12
Q

Behaviorists boil down all human behavior to being the result of ________.

A

A stimulus-response relationship.

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13
Q

Define Catharsis.

A

The “Aha!” moment when the patient realizes what the problem is.

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14
Q

What theraputic technique did Joseph Wolpe “develop” and what behavioral issue does it fix?

A

Systematic Desensitization

Used on patients with phobias or anxiety

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15
Q

Describe Systematic Desensitization.

A

Systematic Desensitization: exposing the patient to fear-inducing stimuli in steadily increasing increments

Example: Phobia of cats

  • at 1st meeting, there is a stuffed cat on a shelf in the office
  • 2nd meeting: the stuffed cat is on the desk
  • 3rd meeting: patient hold stuffed cat
  • 4th meeting: live kitten in cage in corner
  • …
  • final meeting: patient holds live cat
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16
Q

Describe Flooding.

A
  • Therapist immediately exposes patient to worst fear
  • works faster than systematic desensitization
  • illegal unless patient gives written consent
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17
Q

Describe Implosion Therapy.

A
  • patient imagines they are facing their worst fear

- not effective

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18
Q

Describe E.C.T. (Electro-Convulsive shock Therapy).

A
  • Used exclusively for depression
  • runs electric current through patient’s brain
  • mild anasthesia
  • it works, but they have no idea why
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19
Q

Define eclectic approach to therapy.

A

When a therapist uses a blend of different types of therapy.

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20
Q

Describe Biofeedback and how it can help patients.

A
  • Using biological feeback from the body to identify/treat a psychological issue

Example:

  • raising skin tempurature can cure anxiety
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21
Q

Define Contingency Management.

A

A system of reward in order to establish good behavior

22
Q

Define Token Economy.

A

Rewarding certain behavior with “tokens” that can be traded in for other rewards

23
Q

What are the Four Schedules of Reinforcement? Define each.

A

1) Fixed Ratio-paid the same amount every time
2) Variable Ratio-paid different amounts every time (e.g: paid on commission)
3) Fixed Interval-time between rewards stays the same
4) Variable Interval-time between rewards is different every time

24
Q

Describe Systems Theory. What is the goal of Systems Therapy?

A
  • everyone is part of a system/family
  • things that happen to people can sometimes affect the entire system
  • goal: to shift the family system to fix a problem with the Identified Patient
25
Q

Who developed Systems Theory/Systems Therapy?

A

Murray Bowen and Salvador Menuchin

26
Q

Define Triangulation.

A

Everything in a family can be defined in triangles

27
Q

What are the two types of Systems Therapy? Define each.

A
  • Structural: working against the resistance
  • Strategic: working with the resistance instead of against it (almost reverse psychology)
  • same goal: shift the family system
28
Q

Define: Integrating Event vs. Isolating Event

A

Integrating Event: addition to the family (e.g: birth, adoption)

Isolating Event: removal from the family (e.g: death, disownment)

29
Q

Who developed Systematic Desensitization?

A

Joseph Wolpe

30
Q

Who discovered Learned Helplessness?

A

Marty Seligman

31
Q

Define Learned Helplessness.

A

When life gives someone enough hardships, they just give up.

32
Q

What school of psychology did Aaron Beck follow?

A

Behaviorist

33
Q

Who came up with Rationale Emotive Therapy (RET)?

A

Albert Ellis

34
Q

Define Barracuda Family.

A

A family that already knows all of the therapist’s tricks. Very difficult to treat.

35
Q

Who developed Humanism?

A

Abraham Maslow

36
Q

Describe the Hierarchy of Needs.

A
  • developed by Abraham Maslow
  • pyramid that consists of 3 main tiers (from bottom to top):
    1) Basic Needs (food, shelter, etc.)
    2) Psychological Needs
    3) Self-Actualization
  • person cannot start working on the higher tier before the needs of the previous tier is fulfilled
  • most people don’t reach Self-Actualization
37
Q

Describe Client-centered Therapy.

A
  • developed by Carl Rogers

- getting the client to begin the self-actualization process

38
Q

Who invented the lobotomy?

A

Egas Moniz

39
Q

Describe a lobotomy. What was the goal? What were the drawbacks?

A
  • goal: to sedate violent people
  • disconnects frontal lobe from the rest of the brain
  • got rid of personality and emotions
  • left huge scars on the sides of the head
40
Q

Describe transorbital leukotomy.

A
  • goal: to sedate violent people
  • disconnected frontal lobe from the rest of the brain
  • didn’t leave scars
  • cut between the eyelid and the eyeball
41
Q

Who was the researcher responsible for the Case of Little Albert?

A

John Watson

42
Q

Describe the Case of Little Albert.

A
  • baby boy was playing with white mouse
  • Researcher banged on pot right next to the boy when he touched the mouse
  • boy developed a phobia of anything white and fuzzy
43
Q

Who developed Logotherapy?

A

Victor Frankl

44
Q

Define Logotherapy and the theoretical statement it runs on.

A
  • Theory: A thinking individual is going through life looking for meaning.
  • Logotherapy: trying to create meaning for the patient’s life
45
Q

Define Trephining.

A
  • outdated
  • lethal
  • punctured holes in the skull to let evil spirits out
46
Q

Who invented the Bell and Pad?

A

O.H. Mowrer

47
Q

Describe the Bell and Pad. What issue does it solve? How?

A
  • solves eneuresis (bed-wetting)
  • behavioral technique
  • alarm attached to pad on the bed
  • when moisture touches the pad, alarm starts to sound and wakes up the user so they go to the bathroom
48
Q

Who developed Classical Conditioning?

A

Ivan Pavlov

49
Q

Define Catchment Area.

A

A region divided by population. Each area must have a CMHC.

50
Q

What are the three types of hospitalization? Define each.

A

1) In-patient: psychiatric ward. Includes inner sanctum for violent people. In-patients stay in the hospital overnight.
2) Out-patient: patient goes to hospital during the day and goes home at night
3) Partial Hospitalization: patient stays in hospital during the hours of a certain program and then leave when it’s over.

51
Q

Define Theraputic Alliance.

A

The connectivity between therapist and patient or therapist and family.

52
Q

Define Gestalt Therapy.

A
  • developed by Fritz Perls

- psychoanalytic and humanstic therapy combined

Honors Psychology (2 decks)

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