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Geo 2011 > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What do we value more than water?

A

Land

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2
Q

How much of the world’d water is in the great lakes?

A

20%

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3
Q

St. Lawrence Contamination

A
  • Half of beluga whales have cancer

- Not from chemicals dumped in St. Lawrence, river was already dirty when they got there

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4
Q

How long does it take for water to get from Lake superior to St. Lawrence, and what is this times significance?

A
  • Takes 350 years for water to get from lake superior to St. Lawrence
  • when European settlers came (something so long ago affects lakes now)
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5
Q

What is a ‘great lake’

A

Lake over 500km^2

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6
Q

How many great lakes are there worldwide?

A

250, but now only 241 in the modern world because some shrinking, therefore losing their categorization

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7
Q

What fraction of water in Canada is made up by the Great Lakes?

A

1/3

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8
Q

Why are the great lakes called the Laurentian great lakes?

A

because laurentian ice sheet created them

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9
Q

What are the great lakes in Canada?

A

HOMES

Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior

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10
Q

Watershed

A

Area which river flows into great lake (area around lakes)
Outside of basin -> river flows to other little lakes
295,000 miles^2, or 764,051 km^2

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11
Q

Shoreline

A

12,100 miles, or 20207 km
6850 (about half) in Ontario and Quebec
5270 miles in the 8 US states - therefore have to make regulations with these 8 states

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12
Q

Volume of Water in The Great Lakes

A

23 000 km^3

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13
Q

Surface Area of Great lakes

A

244 000 km^2

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14
Q

What is the largest system of fresh surface water on Earth

A

The Great Lakes, provides 18% of worlds fresh water supply

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15
Q

Outflows in the great lakes basin

A

less than 1% per year, therefore pollutants that enter system stay in the system

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16
Q

Where does pollution occur first before affecting the water?

A

occurs on watershed, and then affects water

17
Q

What percent of the worlds total water is fresh water vs salt water?

A
  1. 5 % salt water

2. 5% is fresh water

18
Q

Distribution of Fresh Water (2.5% of Global Water)

A

69% glaciers and permafrost snow cover
30% fresh water
0.9% other, including soil moisture, ground ice/permafrost and swamp water
0.3% freshwater lakes and river flows

19
Q

Drainage

A

Lake Superior and Lake Michigan, east through Lake Huron, Lake St. Clair, Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, to the St. Lawrence and Atlantic Ocean.
(West to East) !!
- superior and Michigan simultaneously into Huron

20
Q

The Great Lakes Basin

A
  • edge of watershed is the border around lakes
  • anything in great lakes gets around watershed
  • how pollution eventually end up in St, Lawrence and hurt whales
21
Q

Where does London get its water? Describe the cycle.

A

From Erie and Huron

Water goes homes -> sewage plants -> cleaned into thames river

22
Q

How were the great lakes formed? - The Wisconsin Period

A
  • began 70,000 years ago
  • ice picked up clay, sand, gravel, boulders
  • As ice moved it shaped the landscape
    withdrew 14,000 and 15,000 years ago
    massive meltwater = ancestral lakes
  • clay, sand, gravel and boulders formed hills, ridges and moraines
23
Q

Shape of the lakes has evolved due to:

A
  • Retreat of Glaciers
  • Topography surrounding the lakes
  • Gradual tilting of the earth’s crust (major factor since glaciers retreat)
24
Q

Ongoing Evolution of the Great Lakes (continue to alter the shape and size of the Great Lakes:

A
  • crustal tilting, shore erosion, climate change
  • climate change: more storms, more erosion, more erosion, more evaporation (warmer weather, less season changes where lakes freeze (if water isnt frozen, it can evaporate)
25
Q

Example: Great Lakes Erosion

A

water eroding edges and getting close to homes

26
Q

Lake Issues: Lakes are not homogenous

A
  • each have distinct issues and characteristics (keep thinking about them as 1 group)
  • struggle to regulate because try to apply one general regulation too all five
27
Q

Great Lakes Systems Profile

A
  • Superior is the furthest from the ocean, deepest
  • St. Marys river connects to Superior and Huron
  • smaller the lake, the more vulnerable
  • Erie has smaller lakes and more vulnerable, therefore it will die sooner
  • Ontario is pretty deep
28
Q

Which of the five great lakes is the world’s largest fresh water lake by area?

A

Superior

- can contain all other Great Lakes + 3 more eries

29
Q

List three significant characteristics about the great lakes

A
  • large
  • deep
  • cold
30
Q

Retention rate of Superior

A
  • 191 years
31
Q

Describe Lake Superior Area

A
  • forested, little agriculture
  • sparse population
  • area high in mining, pulp and paper
  • not much pollution (mostly affected in pulp and paper - least of the 5 thats affected by urbanization and agriculture)
32
Q

Which is the only lake entirely within the US?

A

Lake Michigan

33
Q

Retention Rate

A
  • how much water move out and how much comes in

- measured based on volume of water in lake and mean rate outflow

34
Q

Lake Michigan retention rate

A

99 years

35
Q

Describe the Lake Michigan Area

A
  • Northern part colder and less developed
  • southern part more temperate, therefore more urbanized
  • contains milwaukee and chicago metropolitan area (chicago waterfront)
  • lots of fish and pulp and paper
  • some forest in norther part
  • south part completely urbanized
36
Q

What is Green Bay

A
  • more populated area of Lake Michigan

- one of the most productive fisheries in GL and the largest concentration pulp and paper mills

37
Q

Lake Huron

A

includes georgian bay

  • 30000 islands including Manitoulin Island
  • stranded since GL formed and not hugh urbanized areas
  • still have fisheries and agriculture
38
Q

Where does lake huron receive water from?

A

water from superior and michigan

Geo 2011 (2 decks)

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