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Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Phases in the product life cycle

A

Intro, Growth, Maturity, Decline

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2
Q

Introductory phase expenses?

A

Research, product development, process modification,, supplier development

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3
Q

Grow phases?

A

Product design begins to stabilize, effective forecasting in necessary, adding or enhancing capacity may be necessary

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4
Q

Maturity Phases?

A

Competitors have been established, high volume innovative production may be necessary, improved cost control

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5
Q

Decline phase?

A

Unless the product makes a contribution to the company termination needs to be planned

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6
Q

Product by value?

A

This is when the companies products are listed in descending order of most valuable to least. It helps managers evaluate alternative strategies

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7
Q

Concept behind house of quality

A

it allows managers to make a decision on the product based on what the customer values the most

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8
Q

Bill of material

A

lists the components of a product and product structure

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9
Q

Engineering drawing

A

Shows dimensions, tolerances, and materials and codes for group technology

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10
Q

Group technology

A

Parts grouped into families with similar characteristics
Coding system describes processing and physical characteristics. Part families can be produced in dedicated manufacturing cells

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11
Q

benefits to group technology

A

Improved design
Reduced raw material and purchases
Simplified production planning and control
Improved layout, routing, and machine loading
Reduced tooling setup time, work-in-process, and production time

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12
Q

assembly drawing

A

shows exploded view of product

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13
Q

assembly chart

A

identifies point of production and subassemblies that ultimately lead to the final product

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14
Q

Route sheet

A

Lists the operations and times required to produce component

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15
Q

application of decision trees to product design

A

includes all possible alternatives and states of nature. Take all possible alternatives of the branch and see which one makes the most sense

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16
Q

What are the 3 viewpoints of quality?

A

User based, product based, manufacturing based

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17
Q

User based quality

A

better performance, more features

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18
Q

product based quality

A

clearly specified and measurable product

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19
Q

manufacturing based

A

conformance to standards, making it right the first time

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20
Q

costs of quality

A

prevention costs, appraisal costs, internal failure, external costs

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21
Q

Seven concepts of total quality management

A 
Continuous improvement
Six Sigma
Employee empowerment
Benchmarking
Just-in-time (JIT)
Taguchi concepts
Knowledge of TQM tools
22
Q

Six sigmas 2 meanings

A
  1. it is a statistical process that 99% capable. 3.4 defects per million
  2. A program designed to reduce defects, lower costs, and improve customer satisfaction
23
Q

Taguchi concepts (3)

A

Quality robustness, quality loss function, and target oriented quality

24
Q

Quality robustness

A

Ability to produce products uniformly in adverse manufacturing and environmental conditions

25
Target oriented quality
This shows that costs increase as the product moves farther away from what the customer wants
26
7 common quality tools
checksheet, (organized method of keeping data) scatter diagram, cause and effect diagram, pareto chart, (plots data from most frequent to least) flowchart, histogram, (shows frequency of occurances of a variable) statistical process chart (A chart with timeon the horizontal axis to plot values of a statistic)
27
natural variations and assignable variations
Natural variations - affect all production processes. It is the expected amount of variations. If the variation falls within the limits it is in control Assignable variations - These are variations that can be traced to a specific reason
28
What is the purpose of control charts?
purpose is to help distinguish between natural and assignable variations
29
When to use x and r chart
Observations are variables
30
When to use P chart
Observations are attributes that can be categorized as good or bad (or pass–fail, or functional–broken), that is, in two states.. Deal with fraction proportion or percent deficiencies
31
When to use C chart
Observations are attributes whose defects per unit of output can be counted.
32
What does six sigma require for a Cp level?
2
33
What is the process capability ratio
upper specification - lower specification/6sigma
34
What is process capability?
is a measure of the relationship between the natural variation of the process and the design specifications
35
What are the four process types?
Process, product, repetitive and Mass customization
36
Process focus
High degree of product flexibility, high costs and low equipment utilization. (Hospitals)
37
repetitive focus
Facilities are often organized in assembly lines. Less flexibility but more efficient than process focused (Harley Davidson)
38
Product focus
High volume but low variety of products. Usually less skilled labor. High fixed cost but low variable cost (Making chips)
39
Mass customization
Low cost production of goods and services to satisfy unique customer needs. (the amount of models of cars are way more now than in the 70s)
40
What is the cross over point?
Figuring out what would be most efficient between a couple different options.
41
Process analysis and design tools? (5)
Flow charts, Time function mapping, Value stream mapping, Process charts, Service blueprinting
42
Flowcharts
This shows movements of materials, a view of the big picture
43
Time function mapping
This shows the process flows and the time frame of each activity, this adds rigor and a time element
44
Value stream mapping
Where value is added in the entire production process, including the supply chain, extends to customers and suppliers
45
Process charts
Uses symbols to show entire activities (making a hamburger assembly line), show detail
46
Service blueprinting
describes 3 levels of interaction. Identifies potential fail points. Each level has different management issues, focuses on customer interaction
47
Prevention costs
The cost of reducing potential of defects
48
Appraisal costs
evaluating products, parts and services
49
Internal failure
producing defective parts or services before delivery
50
external costs
defects discovered after delivery

Op man (3 decks)

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