Test 2 Flashcards
Discuss the development of nonobjective art in the early 20th century. (Where did it appear and why? What concepts underlie its development? What artist? Etc.) You should discuss Fauvism and both styles of German Expressionism in this essay if you believe they are important in answering this question.
Development and Content:
- Appeared in Fauvism, expressionistic style
- More about expression, art can be non-representational
- Modern life, changing society, new subjects
- Expressive color, saturated, distorted abstract forms, exaggerated or flattened space, brushwork intensified
- Matisse, Open Window, 1905, Fauvism, France
- Matisse, Woman with Hat, 1905, Fauvism, France
- unrealistic, bold, vibrant color
- strong brushstrokes
- expression!!!
German Expressionism:
Die-Brucke - The Bridge
- Architecture students
- Link old world to new world
- Criticizes Society
- Geometric shapes, unified structure, simplifying forms, saturated forms, abstract forms
- Subjective, Imaginative, Patterns, New Symbols, Color-Musical Harmonies
- Delaunay, huge influence, orphism
- Color evokes movement, rythym like form can
- Pure color, content and expression
- Van Gogh and Munch huge influences
- Kirchner, The Street, 1907, German Expressionism Die-Brucke, Germany
- Negative aspects of society, Psychology, Urban life
- Form changes, faces are flat and mask-like, jagged and geometric
- Der Blaue Reiter - The Blue Rider
- Franz Marc, Three Large Horses
- modern art
- bold, symbolic colors
- expressionful
- connection between visual art and music
- simplified, abstract forms
- Non-objective art continued to evolve
- Less importance on representational
- Color important, symbolic and expressionful
Discuss Cubism and its importance to the concepts and development of later styles of 20th century art.
Cubism
- Developed by Picasso and Braque
- You can see through objects
- Grid system
- Blue Period, Rose Period, Primitive Period
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon
- Proto-Cubist Period, beginning of cubist art
- Response to Matisse, “Joy of Life” painting
- breaks up forms- more geometric
- figures and background become flat
**The Reservoir **
- Gave cubism movement its name
- Vertical aspect
Analytical Cubism
- breaks up scace and objects
- monochromatic (browns)
- analyzing form and shape
- most things blend together (background and foreground)
- some representational parts and form
- representational words
Synthetic Cubism
- Collage-putting things back together
- more color and textures
- Broque gets credit for this style
- Transparencies- breaks from traditional space
- Connect painting to life
- Continuous lines
Dynamic Cubism
Nude Decending a Staircase #2
- Shatters form, metalic, sequential photography
- Movement
Concepts and Developments
- Picasso and Broque established Cubism
- Broque: intellectual side, Picasso: applied art
- Painting and life connection
- emotional, intellectual, emphasis on color, form, texture
- Folk art was an influence
Mondrian
- From landscapes to cubism
- Angular cubism (less curves/ grid)
- background and foreground become one
- Influenced Russian art, non-objective
Discuss the development of architecture in the late 19th and early 20th century. Besides a discussion of the chronological envelopment, make sure to discuss the materials, techniques, new building types, innovations, and concepts of architecture.
Revivalism -many previous styles: classically, gothic, Romanesque, Islamic, Egyptian
- Revival buildings were built to look like the style, but with new materials
- style matched function (royal pavilion)
Gothic- universities, churches Romanesque- Protestant churches Egyptian- monuments, cementery
New building types
- railroad depots
- factories
- warehouses
- business buildings
- multihome dwellings
New Materials (Industrialization)
- Steel, iron, reinforced concreate, hollow ceramic tile
- Engineer vs Designer
Concept
- Style matches function (Royal Pavelion)
- Sullivan emphasized vertically, “form follows function”
Techniques
- Iron/Skeletal Building- iron holds all the support
- Prefabrication and standardization (windows)
- Grid support (Sullivan)
Art Nouveau- Sagrada Familia
Arts and Crafts- Frank Lloyd Wright
How does sculpture of the early 20th century compare to sculpture of the 19th century? Discuss the important developments in sculpture of the early 20th century.
19th century
- not as innovative
- sculptures were used as studies (Daumier, gaugin)
Rodin
- somewhat traditional
- shows expression
- rough texture
20th century
-went in the direction of collage, abstraction, and cubism which was something between collage and abstraction
Brancusi
- Independent of Cubism and Russian Constructivism
- Influenced by Theosophy (seeking universals in life, insight to nature of God through direct knowledge)
- Influenced by African and primitive art, native folk art, and oriental art
- Influenced by Kandinsky and Mondrian
- Worked with few themes, repeating them in different materials and simplifying forms, but never losing a mystical symbolism
- Aware of the material used (grain of limestone)
- Obsessed with birds and flight
- Traditional materials, yet new extreme abstraction
- liked ovals
Constructivism
- made sculpture practical (connecting to life)
- one branch of sculpture during the 20th century
Abstract sculpture
-another branch of 20th century sculpture
Tatlin
- hangs pieces over corner
- respect materials
- moved from sculpture to architecture (more functional)
Gabo
- trained as engineer
- influenced by science, and Kandinsky
- panes of glass (voids and background are included in the art piece)
- transparent materials (plexiglass, wire, and string) to make volume and show space
Composition
Larinov
1918
Rayonism
Russia
Black Square on White
Malevich
1918
Suprematism
Russia
Suprematist Composition: White on White
Malevich
1918
Suprematism
Russia
Counter Relief
Tatlin
1918
Constructivism
Russia
Model for Monument to the Third International
Tatlin
1918
Constuctivism
Russia
Suspended Construction in Space
Rodchenko
1918
Constuctivism
Russia
Constucted Head #2
Gabo
1918
Constructivism
Russia
Head of Woman
Picasso
1918
Analytical Cubism
France
Linear Construction
Gabo
1950
Constructivism
US
Grey Tree
Mondrian
1918
Cubism
Holland
Pier and Ocean
Mondrian
1918
De Stijl
Holland
Composition with Red, Yellow, and Blue
Mondrian
1918
De Stijl
Holland
