test 2

Question 1

change in trait making bearer better suited to survive / reproduce

Answer 1

adaptations

Question 2

Method of Lederber’s to demonstrate mutation as a random process

Answer 2

Replica plating

Question 3

involves abnormal placement of body parts

Answer 3

homeotic mutation

Question 4

humans are the “asteroid” bringing about the ____ mass extinction

Answer 4

sixth

Question 5

codes for a stop codon and can truncate protein

Answer 5

nonsense mutation

Question 6

the difference in trait means of a population before and after selection

Answer 6

selection coefficient/ differential

Question 7

bad mutations accumulate irreversibly, increasing genetic burden

Answer 7

muller’s ratchet

Question 8

explain how rare reptiles successfully colonize islands

Answer 8

rafting

Question 9

involve duplication of chromosomes in a hybrid of 2 species

Answer 9

allopolyploid

Question 10

insertion or deletion of a single base in the DNA sequence

Answer 10

frameshift mutation

Question 11

taxa evolved separately to occupy similar niches in different areas

Answer 11

ecological equivalence

Question 12

certain species live in one place and nowhere else

Answer 12

endemism

Question 13

selects against less adapted individuals at one tail of the distribution

Answer 13

directional selection

Question 14

fragmentation of a continuous distribution by the emergence of a barrier

Answer 14

vicariance

Question 15

asexual lineages grow faster in each generation because all offspring (females) can reproduce

Answer 15

two fold cost of sex

Question 16

account for the present distribution of Psychotria trees across the Hawaiian archipelago

Answer 16

dispersal

Question 17

general type of mutation involving passage to descendants through gametes

Answer 17

germ line

Question 18

when an organism increases it survival advantage in one area at the expense of another

Answer 18

tradeoff

Question 19

Leigh an Valen discovered an evolutionary idea called

Answer 19

Red Queen Effect

Question 20

researchers initially found asexual reproducers were taking ___ parasite loads than/as sexual producers. after a drought, sexual reproducers were taking ___ parasite loads than/as asexual reproducers because they had ___ amounts of genetic variability

Answer 20

increase
increase
decrease

Question 21

domestication of plants and animals occurred about ___ yrs ago

Answer 21

9,000

Question 22

nearly all of the 14 wild plant eating terrestrial mammals domesticated by humans came from Asia, ____, and Europe.

Answer 22

N Africa

Question 23

the big four domesticated animals are

Answer 23

goats, sheep, pigs, and cattle

Question 24

Tim Mousseau noted ___ frequencies of tumors and physical abnormalities in animals in hot areas than uncontaminated areas, but the some ___ (organism) may actually be adapting to high radiation levels

Answer 24

increase

birds

Question 25

what was not features in Mousseau's study

Answer 25

lizard

Question 26

foxes that were tolerant and curios were ___ together

Answer 26

mated

Question 27

the new generation of foxes transformed in behavior but also ___ known as ___ traits

Answer 27

appearance | correlated

Question 28

from the lecture, most mutations are ___ and their individual fitness effects are ___

Answer 28

neutral | small

Question 29

rank innovations from oldest to youngest in chronological order

Answer 29

``` collagen & true tissue. gastrula, ectoderm, and endoderm. mesoderm. hemocoel. segmentation. ```

Question 30

streptomycin mechanism of bacterial resistance to its antibiotics

Answer 30

mutated gene code for ability to alter antibiotic target

Question 31

tetracyline mechanism of bacterial resistance to its antibiotics

Answer 31

alter permeability of cell wall, showing antibiotic entry

Question 32

penicillin mechanism of bacterial resistance to its antibiotics

Answer 32

mutated genes may code for ability to inactivate antibiotics

Question 33

rank the probable dispersion route from oldest to most recent or modern humans, based on archeological and genetic evidence

Answer 33

africa... Eurasia and australia . americas. Polynesia

Question 34

before endosymbiosis could occur, what must have been present?

Answer 34

multiple species of prokaryotic organisms

Question 35

according to "out of Africa" hypothesis of modern human origins

Answer 35

modern sapiens evolved from archaic sapiens in Africa, spread through the world in 2n expansion, and replaced the populations of archaic sapiens without interbreeding with them

Question 36

statement that's the best explanation for why the only native land mammal to Hawaii is the Hawaiian hoary bat

Answer 36

most mammals were unable to successfully disperse long distances over oceans and colonize Hawaii

Question 37

artificial selection experiments almost always show a response to selection. what's the most likely explanation for this observation

Answer 37

populations contain significant amounts of genetic variation

Question 38

y = h2x+ b is about? results?

Answer 38

heritability. | h^2 is about genetic influence.

Question 39

how would natural or artificial selection appear in a graph if its a random process

Answer 39

straight line

Question 40

earths estimated age and 3 data sources?

Answer 40

4.6 BYA | oldest moon rock, meteorites,and oldest part rocks

Question 41

human chromosome involved in common ancestry of humans and other primates

Answer 41

2

Question 42

specific mutation reduced the chromosome in humans and other primates

Answer 42

fusion

Question 43

2 chromosomes chimpanzés were involved in humans and other primates

Answer 43

12 and 13