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Themes in Western Thought > Test 2 > Flashcards

Test 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote City of God?

A

Augustine

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2
Q

Who wrote Leviathan?

A

Thomas Hobbes

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3
Q

Who wrote Confessions?

A

Augustine

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4
Q

Who wrote Essay on Human Understanding?

A

John Locke

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5
Q

Who wrote Meditations on First Philosophy?

A

Rene Descartes

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6
Q

Who wrote Summa Theologica?

A

Thomas Aquinas

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7
Q

Who wrote Theodicy?

A

Gottfried Leibniz

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8
Q

Who wrote Pensees?

A

Blaise Pascal

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9
Q

Main idea: Argues for the truth of Christianity over competing religions and philosophies and that Christianity was not responsible for the Fall of Rome, but instead was responsible for its success.

A

City of God

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10
Q

Main idea: War or Nature (social contract/absolute sovereign)

A

Leviathan

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11
Q

Main idea: autobiography; outlines Augustine’s sinful youth and his conversion

A

Confessions

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12
Q

Main idea: laid foundation for British empiricism - all knowledge is derived from experience

A

Essay on Human Understanding

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13
Q

Main idea: abandoning everything that can possibly be doubted and then star to reason from there

A

Meditations on First Philosophy

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14
Q

Main idea: It seeks to describe the relationship between God and man and to explain how man’s reconciliation with the Divine is made possible at all through Christ. (God, humanity, Redeemer)

A

Summa Theologica

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15
Q

Main idea: This is the best of all possible worlds; evil can sometimes be permitted for the sake of the greater good

A

Theodicy

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16
Q

Main idea: Supposing that belief in God gets one to heaven and disbelief sends one to hell, it is rational to “wager” by believing if God. If God does not exist, then belief or unbelief has no cost. “Pascal’s Wager”

A

Pensees

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17
Q 
Who: 
Faith & Reason
Free will and divine foreknowledge
Problem of evil
Theodicy
Linear view of history
A

Augustine

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18
Q 
Who:
Scholasticism
Ontology
Ontological argument
a priori
GCB
A

Anselm

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19
Q

Who:
Faith & Reason
Scholastic synthesis
Five Ways

A

Aquinas

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20
Q 
Who:
Epistemology
Rationalism
Cogito ergo sum
Realism & Dualism
Pineal gland
Mind-body problem
A

Descartes

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21
Q 
Who:
Determinism/mechanism
Natural bodies/bodies politic
State of war/State of nature
Social contract
A

Hobbes

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22
Q

Who:
Jansenism
Wager argument

A

Pascal

23
Q 
Who:
Truths of Reason/Truths of Fact
a priori
aposteriori
Cosmological argument
Princliple of sufficent reason
Ontological argurment
Theodicy
Felix culpa
A

Leibniz

24
Q 
Who:
Religious tolerance
Empiricism
Tabula rasa
State of nature
Social contract
A

Locke

25
Q

Who:
Skepticism
rejection of causality (cause/effect)
argument against miracles

A

Hume

26
Q 
Who:
Romanticism
"Noble savage"
Social contract
Deism
A

Rousseau

27
Q

key figure in the transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages.

A

Augustine

28
Q

Augustine uses faith in 3 senses. What are they?

A

Assuming that something is the case
Acceptance of authority or consensus
Assenting to God’s truth

29
Q

According to Augustine, what are the three states of human nature?

A

Of Adam: able not to sin
Of man after fall: not able not to sin
Of saints in heaven: not able to sin

30
Q

What is the greatest evil?

A

privatio Dei

31
Q

Who was the Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

Anselm

32
Q

What is ontology?

A

categories of things that should be considered real

33
Q

What is the argument in a syllogism?

A

God is the greatest conceivable being (GCB)

34
Q

Who is the “Angelic Doctor”

A

Aquinas

35
Q

Who attempted to unify philosophy and religion?

A

Aquinas

36
Q

“I know in order that I might believe.”

A

Aquinas

37
Q 
The Prime (or unmoved) mover 
The uncaused cause 
Possible and necessary beings 
Gradation of beauty and absolute perfection 
Intelligent governor
A

The Five Way

38
Q

What were Descartes 3 quests for knowledge?

A

Pursuing knowledge academically
Pursuing knowledge existentially
Pursuing knowledge hermetically

39
Q

“I believe therefore I know.”

A

Augustine

40
Q

All persons are roughly equal in natural strengths of body and mind.
Since they have the same goods and desires they naturally quarrel.

A

Hobbes (Leviathan)

41
Q

3 causes of quarrels

A

Competition
Diffidence
Glory

42
Q

“The life of man, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.”

A

Hobbes

43
Q

In Pascal’s Pensees, what are the 3 categories of thoughts?

A

Philosophical, Religious, Apologetic

44
Q

The Supreme Polymath

A

Leibniz

45
Q

a priori

A

truths of reason

46
Q

a posteriori

A

truths of fact

47
Q

Founder of modern empiricism

A

John Locke

48
Q

Implication of Locke’s epistemology

A

Everyone comes into the world as equals.

The best way to help people is through education

49
Q

each person can do as he wishes provided he does no harm to his neighbor or violate divine law.

A

State of nature

50
Q

Moral behavior is also grounded in 3 kinds of law:

A
  1. divine law
  2. civil law
  3. law of opinion or reputation.
51
Q

Civilization is evil
Life should be lived by feeling and natural instinct, not reason
Human society is a collective being with a will of its own

A

Rousseau

52
Q

Hobbes’s commonwealth

A

self-preservation

53
Q

Locke’s commonwealth

A

permitting realization of potential

54
Q

Locke’s three rights conferred by God

A

life, liberty, property

Themes in Western Thought (4 decks)

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