Test 2 Flashcards by Benedicte Mæhlum

Warming hypothermic patient. Pick the false answer
A. Heating pads
B. Infrared lamps
C. Covers and heat mirrors 
D. Hot IV infusion

D. Hot IV infusion

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Indications for mechanical ventilation. Pick the false answer
A. Open thorax
B. Neuromuscular blockade
C. Hypoventilation caused by severe hypothermia
D. Decreased etCO2 level

D. Decreased etCO2 level

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Pulse oximetry. Pick the false answer
A. Noninvasive method
B. Continuous measurement
C. Measurement of O2-saturation of Hb (%) 
D. The target value is 89%

D. The target value is 89%

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The absorbent canister is part of the... Pick the false answer
A. Open system
B. Semi-open system
C. Semi-open and semi-closed systems 
D. Semi-closed and closed systems

D. Semi-closed and closed systems

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Advantages of semi-open narcosis systems. Pick the false answer
A. Low resistance
B. Small mechanical dead space
C. Anesthetic concentration can be quickly modified
D. Large anesthetic consumption

D. Large anesthetic consumption

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Mixing part of anesthesia machine. Pick the false answer
A. Gas source
B. Flowmeter
C. Vaporizer
D. One-way valves

D. One-way valves

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Gas source
A. 7 
B. 4 
C. 6 
D. 13

B. 4

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Most pulse oximeters display
A. Signal strength
B. Saturation and pulse frequency
C. Plethysmogram
D. Ratio of abnormal/normal hemoglobin types

D. Ratio of abnormal/normal hemoglobin types

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Absorbent canister
A. 6 
B. 8 
C. 10 
D. 15

C. 10

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Prevents excessive pressure in the circuit and lungs
A. 5 
B. 6 
C. 9 
D. 15

D. 15

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Low-pressure part of the mixing system
A. 1 
B. 2 
C. 1+3 
D. 3

B. 2

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CO2 absorption. Pick the false answer
A. The absorbent canister contains absorbing soda
B. The absorbing soda granules have rough surface
C. The absorbing soda granules consist of Mg-hydroxide
D. Exhaustion of the soda is indicated by discoloration

C. The absorbing soda granules consist of Mg-hydroxide

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Vaporizer
A. 5 
B. 6 
C. 7 
D. 8

D.8

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Urine production during general anesthesia
A. 0.1-0.2 ml/bwkg/h 
B. 1-2 ml/bwkg/h
C. 10-20 ml/bwkg/h 
D. 100-200 ml/bwkg/h

B. 1-2 ml/bwkg/h

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Close control of blood glucose level is needed in... Pick the false answer
A. Very small or young patients
B. Acute trauma and shock patients 
C. Cachectic or weak patients
D. Diabetic or insulinoma patients

B. Acute trauma and shock patients

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Parameters of ventilation. Pick the false answer
A. Tidal volume: 10–15 ml/bwkg
B. Respiratoryrate:80–100/min
C. Inhalation/ exhalation timeratio:1:2–1:3
D. Target values: 35–45 mmHg etCO2 and 100% SpO2

B. Respiratoryrate:80–100/min

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Core-temperature can be measured with... Pick the false answer
A. Pharingeal probes 
B. Esophageal probes 
C. Rectal probes
D. Thermocamera

D. Thermocamera

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Blood pressure measuring methods. Pick the false answer
A. Femoral pulse quality evaluation 
B. Invasive direct
C. Noninvasive doppler
D. Noninvasive oscillometric

A. Femoral pulse quality evaluation

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Narcosis systems. Pick the false answer
A. Open circuit
B. Semi-opensystem 
C. Semi-closedcircuit 
D. Closed circuit

A. Open circuit

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Causes of zero etCO2 on the capnograph’s display. Pick the false answer
A. Capnograph performs calibration (calibration message is displayed)
B. Cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest
C. Tube malposition, disconnection
D. Capnoperitoneum (endoscopy)

D. Capnoperitoneum (endoscopy)

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Oxygen-bypass. Pick the false answer
A. Emergency option
B. Concentration of inhalational anesthetic in the circuit can be quickly reduced
C. Pure O2 can directly enter the circuit
D. The bypass rate is controlled by the flowmeter

D. The bypass rate is controlled by the flowmeter

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High-pressure part of the mixing system
A. 1 
B. 2 
C. 1+2 
D. 5

A. 1

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Correlation of paCO2 and etCO2. Pick the false answer
A. Positive correlation
B. Negative correlation
C. PaCO2>etCO2
D. The difference in small animals is 2-5 mmHg

B. Negative correlation

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Reservoir bag
A. 8 
B. 9 
C. 10 
D. 11

B. 9

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``` Breathing circuit A. 2+3 B. 3 C. 12+14 D. 9 ```

B. 3

``` Pop-off (Adjustable Pressure Limiting) valve A. 5 B. 15 C. 6 D. 12+14 ```

B. 15

``` Inspiratory one-way valve A. 5 B. 15 C. 12 D. 14 ```

C. 12

``` Dead space in the system A. 4 B. 8 C. 9 D. 13 ```

C. 9

Blood pressure measurement at right atrial height A. Measured lower, the value will be higher B. Measured higher, the value will be lower C. 10 cm height difference results in a deviation of 7.36 mmHg D. 10 cm height difference results in a deviation of 73.6 mmHg

C. 10 cm height difference results in a deviation of 7.36 mmHg

Purpose of anesthesia machines. Pick the false answer A. Administer appropriate flow of oxygen B.Administer appropriate concentration of inhalants C. Administer constant rate infusions D. Elimination of exhaled CO2

C. Administer constant rate infusions

Capnogram phases A. Phase I (inhalation), Phase II (exhalation begins), Phase III (exhalation ends), Phase IV (inhalation begins) B. PhaseI(exhalationbegins),PhaseII (exhalationends), PhaseIII(inhalationbegins),PhaseIV (inhalation) C. PhaseI (exhalationends), PhaseII (inhalationbegins), PhaseIII(inhalation),PhaseIV(exhalation begins) D. Phase I (inhalation begins), Phase II (inhalation), Phase III (exhalation begins), Phase IV (exhalation ends)

``` A. Phase I (inhalation), Phase II (exhalation begins), Phase III (exhalation ends), Phase IV (inhalation begins) ```

``` Breathing circuit of anesthesia machine. Pick the false answer A. „Y”-piece B. Reservoirbag C. Oxygen by pass button D. CO2 absorbent canister ```

C. Oxygen by pass button

Volume-controlled time-cycled mechanical ventilation. Pick the false answer A. Common in veterinary anesthesia B. Constant flow during inspiration C. Inspiratory pressure decreases during ispiration to maintain constant flow D. Inspiratory phase ends after preset inspiratory time

C. Inspiratory pressure decreases during ispiration to maintain constant flow

``` Maintains unidirectional flow in inspiratory ribbed tube A. 6 B. 12 C. 14 D. 15 ```

B. 12

Cuff size for BP measuring. Pick the false answer A. Patients of different sizes require different sizes of cuffs B. Optimal cuff’s with is 40% of leg’s circumference C. Optimal cuff’s with is 140% of leg’s circumference D. Wider cuff produces lower BP value and vica versa

C. Optimal cuff’s with is 140% of leg’s circumference

``` Anesthetic concentration is set by... A. 5 B. 7 C. 8 D. 10 ```

C. 8

``` Flow rate of source gas is set by... A. 5 B. 7 C. 8 D. 15 ```

B. 7

``` Flowmeter A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 ```

C. 7

``` Triggering types (initiation of inspiratory phase). Pick the false answer A. Time B. Pressure C. Flow D. Concentration ```

D. Concentration

Causes of decreasing etCO2. Pick the false answer A. Acute respiratory distress (e.g. hyperventilation) B. Acute respiratory distress(e.g.hypoventilation) C. Acute circulatory distress (e.g.decreased heart minute volume) D. Acute metabolic distress

B. Acute respiratory distress(e.g.hypoventilation)

``` Physiological dead space means... A. Anatomical dead space B. Anatomical + alveolar dead space C. Alveolar dead space D. Anatomical + apparatus dead space ```

B. Anatomical + alveolar dead space

``` Absorbs exhaled CO2 A. 10 B. 15 C. 8 D. 13 ```

A. 10

The MAP (mean arterial pressure) is... A. Average of the systolic and diastolic values B. Rarely lower than diastolic pressure C. Closer to diastolic pressure than to systolic pressure D. Closer to systolic pressure than to diastolic pressure

A. Average of the systolic and diastolic values or C. Closer to diastolic pressure than to systolic pressure

``` Monitoring of anesthetized patients involves assessment of... Pick the false answer A. The stage of narcosis B. Pain markers C. Patient’s parameters D. Owner’s consent ```

D. Owner’s consent

``` Balances volume changes during inspiration and expiration A. 7 B. 12 C. 14 D. 9 ```

D. 9

IPPV (Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation). Pick the false answer A. Commonly used type of mechanical ventilation B. Airway pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure during inspiration C. Airway pressure falls to atmospheric pressure during passive expiration D. Can not be used in large dogs

D. Can not be used in large dogs or A. Commonly used type of mechanical ventilation

CNS effects of IPPV. Pick the false answer A. Controlled hyperventilation reduces CO2 level in the blood B. Reduced CO2 level causes arterial vasoconstriction C. Arterial vasoconstriction decreases intracranial pressure D. Severely decreased intracranial pressure supports cerebral oxygenation

C. Arterial vasoconstriction decreases intracranial pressure or D. Severely decreased intracranial pressure supports cerebral oxygenation

``` Capnograph types A. Side-flow and main-flow measuring B. Left-sided and right-sided measuring C. Low-flow and high-flow measuring D. Mono-flow and multi-flow measuring ```

A. Side-flow and main-flow measuring

``` Maintains unidirectional flow in expiratory ribbed tube A. 6 B. 12 C. 14 D. 15 ```

C. 14

``` Correlation between paO2 and SpO2 A. Positive correlation B. Negative correlation C. Can be shown with sigmoid curve D. Small changes in SpO2 are caused by large changes of paO2 (in the physiological range) ```

B. Negative correlation or C. Can be shown with sigmoid curve

``` Expiratory one-way valve A. 5 B. 15 C. 12 D. 14 ```

D. 14

``` Constant secondary pressure is provided by... A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 15 ```

A. 5

Advantages of closed narcosis systems. Pick the false answer A. Low source gas consumption B. Low inhalational anesthetic consumption C. Cheap D. Easily controllable depth of anesthesia

D. Easily controllable depth of anesthesia

Causes of malfunction of pulse oximeter. Pick the false answer A. Strong pulse B. Total light absorption C. Impropercontact D. Interference with electrosurgical devices

A. Strong pulse

Causes of rebreathed CO2. Pick the false answer A. High flow in semi-open nonrebreathing system B. Exhausted soda lime C. Stucked one-way valves D. Large dead space

A. High flow in semi-open nonrebreathing system

``` Mixing system A. 1 B. 1+2 C. 3 D. 7 ```

B. 1+2

``` Optimal size of the reservoir bag is... A. The respiratory volume B. 2 times the respiratory volume C. 5 times the respiratory volume D. 10 time the respiratory volume ```

C. 5 times the respiratory volume

Inspiration. Pick the false answer A. Spontaneous inspiration is caused by decreasing interpleural pressure B. IPPV inspiration is caused by increasing interpleural pressure C. Expiration is spontaneous in both cases D. IPPV expiration is caused by negative interpleural pressure

C. Expiration is spontaneous in both cases or D. IPPV expiration is caused by negative interpleural pressure

``` Optimal breathing tubes are... Pick the false answer A. Ribbed B. Short C. Wide D. Blue ```

D. Blue

Pulse oximetry. Pick the false answer A. Physiological range of oxygen saturation: 35–45 mmHg B. Sensor can be placed on tongue, ear etc. C. In case of transmission-type sensors one side emits, while the other detects light D. Absorption depends on oxyHb/desoxyHb ratio

A. Physiological range of oxygen saturation: 35–45 mmHg

``` Pressure regulator A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 8 ```

A. 5

The pop-off valve (Adjustable Pressure Limiting valve)... Pick the false answer A. Prevents excessive pressure in the circuit and lungs B. Is open during spontaneous breathing C. Is set to 20 cmH2O during manual or mechanical ventilation D. Is set to 40 cmH2O in case of compromised lung

D. Is set to 40 cmH2O in case of compromised lung

``` Oxygen bypass A. 5 B. 6 C. 7 D. 15 ```

B. 6

Capnometry. Pick the false answer A. Physiological range of etCO2: 35–45 mmHg B. Capnogram may be divided into 4 phases C. In case of hypoventilation etCO2 decreases D. Exhausted CO2 absorbent soda lime increases inhaled CO2 level

C. In case of hypoventilation etCO2 decreases

Test 2 Flashcards

(64 cards)