Test 2 Flashcards

Question

The first thing Hitler did was invade the Rhineland, what was the second thing he did?

Answer 1

Annex Austria. Put pressure on them to agree that when the Germans come in they will take part of northern Austria. This is actually popular within Austria. Creates another precedent in which Britain and France stand aside while he upsets the balance of power.

Answer 2

Tries to take the Sudetenland back from Czechoslovakia. Puts propaganda out. Sudetenland also allows invasion of Prague.

Answer 3

Appeasement - Britain and France don't want a war, presuppose that Hitler is rational and will stop MUNICH CONFERENCE - Neville Chamberlain Munich Conference bargains the Sudetenland in exchange for peace

Answer 4

6 Months later he takes the rest of Czechoslovakia, and the allies prepare for war

Answer 5

Invades Danzig in Poland, which used to be part of the Kaisser republic Makes Nazi Soviet Pact

Answer 6

Nonaggression treaty and business deal where soviet oil and timber is exchanged for engineering products They secretly agree to divvy up portions of Eastern Europe Ideologically they're enemies but they don't want to go to war - communist and social darwinist fascists both feel betrayed

Answer 7

After Germany invades Poland. German allies are axis powers, | allied side is Britain, France, Poland, US

Answer 8

German and Soviets invade. Campaign lasts a month, Germans conquer Warsaw while soviets conquer eastern part

Answer 9

In the German section the Jews are targeted, put into ghettos, later in the war labor and death camps. 3 million. In the Soviet section higher class landowners, catholics, and Polish officers are taken out and executed. 20,000.

Answer 10

Similar to WWI, Roosevelt declared neutrality. Popular decision. Isolationist philosophy.

Answer 11

Nye Committee - uncovered dirty laundry on American entry into WWI, made public believe we fought and died for Wall Street Disillusioned - 70% felt that involvement in WWI was a mistake

Answer 12

Neutrality acts - outlaw arms or loans to nations in war, prohibits Americans from traveling on ships of nations in war

Answer 13

He is very concerned about Hitler and European security but has to bow to pressure, eventually he amends neutrality acts with consent from Congress

Answer 14

First drawn to Asia, concerned about the balance of power

Answer 15

There is a civil war going on in China between Nationalists and Chiang Kai-shek. In Japan there is a crisis over resources, Army sees future on asian continent and Navy sees resources in Indonesia area. Eventually the Quantung army in 1931 takes over Manchuria, which the government uses as a springboard to take over portions of China in 1937. US government does not want Japan to be the dominant power as they pose a great naval threat.

Answer 16

Nationalists envision an independent autonomous power, getting rid of the western presence controlling their economy -have a good relationship with US but not Europe. Led by Chiang Kai-Shek Mao Zehdong led the Communist side, illegitimate shadow government that eventually wins. Open door policy led to the British selling opium in china, British navy fought in Hong Kong over it

Answer 17

Sanctions. Japan is dependent on our oil, steel, etc. Freezing Japanese assets. He is frustrated with isolationism, only weapon is economics.

Answer 18

Option 1: Withdraw from china and play nice (discarded) Option 2: Invade Soviet Union through Manchuria (can't get anything but timber and oil) Option 3: Go to war against western powers, including Dutch empire, Australia, Nationalist china (decide on this)

Answer 19

Pearl Harbor attacks

Answer 20

General concern over stopping Hitler changes neutrality dynamic, conquest of France stuns the world. Roosevelt sends US navy destroyers to royal navy in the "Destroyers for bases deal" for bases in the Caribbean.

Answer 21

Lend Lease Act - Supplies the allies with everything they need. Leads US navy into waters -> German submarines sink ships -> Attention Neither side wants war but after Pearl Harbor Germany is emboldened- doesn't think US is a huge player

Answer 22

SU and Japan are not yet at war, eventually they will at American behest War takes up half of world's population

Answer 23

Hawaii is basing a pacific fleet as a warning to Japan Americans lose 2400 people and eight battleships Sucker punch but doesn't cripple the US fleet as much as they would have hoped Hope was to force America and GB to negotiations, conquer a resource rich empire Ultimately unites the American public

Answer 24

Agreed upon "Germany first" strategy, which recognizes Germany as biggest threat. (although they want revenge on Japan) Japan get to dominate the pacific, getting the resources they wanted in Dutch East Indies, Singapore, Malaysia, etc while US is not yet prepared

Answer 25

The US is unprepared for many months. American initiated campaign fly supplies from India to china to supply nationalists. In Burma allies try and open road into china China is tying down half of Japanese power with a poor army, civil war still going on. American controlled Philippines are in the way of Japanese forces, Japan invades

Answer 26

On the way to independence, Macarthur helps build an armed force to defend their nation

Answer 27

War plan orange - retreat army into Bataan peninsula and hold out until US navy arrives Macarthur's plan - defend on the coast, spread out forces

Answer 28

Terribly, bases and army was spread apart; Japanese get ashore and army is in chaos. Eventually embraces war plan orange but by the time the army is in Bataan in half or quarter rations, low resources. Macarthur is called out of Philippines but declares he will return.

Answer 29

Many don't survive, borderline starvation, Bataan death march up 60 miles to POW camps. Japanese don't recognize surrender. Treatment is way worse for Chinese.

Answer 30

Burma campaign - get Japanese out of Burma. Two pronged offensive to turn them back: Macarthur in southwest pacific area Chester Nimitz in Central pacific

Answer 31

Macarthur in the southwest pacific area has US and Australian forces, goal of preventing invasion in Australian and getting across New Guinea and back to Philippines Ground forces of US and AUS army with increasingly more naval and air forces

Answer 32

Island hopping campaign across pacific with the aim of getting straight at Japan Commands the US pacific fleet, eventually the most powerful fleet commander in history by end of war

Answer 33

On the island of Guadalcanal the Japanese were building an airfield to menace the sea lines between Australia and United States Escalation style air and sea battle, at that point deadliest battle in US navy.

Answer 34

Struggle to end Japanese threat, Port Moresby was an important staging port for any invasion of Australia or reverse offensive towards Philippines

Answer 35

Moving troops from Port Moresby over Stanley Range to secure coast. Horrible terrain, high casualties, not much naval or air support. Japanese have dug around Buna, both are in bad shape. Macarthur tells Eichelberger to take Buna or not come back alive. Eichelberger heads into Buna and fixes the aimless leadership and poor supply conditions. Bit by bit crushes the Japanese offensive with his men. First American ground victory in WWII Once they have Buna they can begin a leap frog advance across the coast, eventually they can reinvade the Philippines

Answer 36

Germany first. Liberate France as soon as possible and establish a second front that would suck in the German army and lessen the impact on the soviet front.

Answer 37

We don't control the sea or the air, don't have landing craft, troops aren't fully trained

Answer 38

British argue for Mediterranean strategy. Invasion of French Africa that presents Mussolini and hitler with another war front.

Answer 39

El Alamein - British Invasion Operation Torch - American invasion of northwest Africa

Answer 40

American led invasion of northwest Africa. Presents Germans and Italians with open flank, takes germans away from bases in northern France and Norway. Ends up with stalemate in North Africa where Italians and germans set up reinforcements.

Answer 41

Casablanca Conference In Morocco - Americans push for invasion in France, once again not ready for the same reasons. British propose doubling down on mediterranean strategy - invade Sicily Americans agree Unconditional surrender policy Promise Stalin that we would not cut a separate deal with Hitler

Answer 42

Germany is sinking millions of tons of allied shipping, we have to combat the threat through convoy tactics. Convoy tactics - destroyers are very powerful and well equipped, escort carriers are also useful. Eventually germans are losing more submarines than they can replace Operation torch takes place in this context US subs do to Germany what Germany hoped to do to us

Answer 43

Eventually axis powers can only provide 25% of what they need, run out of ammo and reinforcements Perimeter sinks down and massive axis surrender Some Italian and German POWs end up in US, treated well and paid for voluntary labor

Answer 44

Anglo American invasion of Sicily, 3 division front 1st Division, 45th division, 82nd airborne (paratroopers) Low opposition, the problem is the Herman Goring division counterattack Initiated Italian Campaign

Answer 45

After Italian Campaign the fascist party is not out of power Italian government arrange unconditional surrender From an Italian viewpoint the war is just starting as Italy is riven with civil war Germans create stalemate, Rome is not liberate until a year after Sicily campaign Italian people are in for malnutrition, destruction of homes and cities, organized crime, prostitution

Answer 46

Germans had bombed British cities but the allies unleash way more on Germany Ferocious fighting; 100,000 allied lives lost

Answer 47

British felt that daylight raids were suicide, Americans felt like daytime had better precision and wanted to actually hit their targets Even with daytime fighting the bombing wasn't particularly accurate or impactful

Answer 48

Difficult objectives Bloodiest fighting is at Omaha beach Deadliest day for Americans in WWII, invasion is only first part of campaign -Battle lasts the summer, grind down German capabilities over the course of months

Answer 49

After the invasion of Normandy there becomes a second front, German front expends resources east and west Invasion in both North and south France catches the germans in a vice, French soldiers join as they are liberated Germans garrisons in port cities that hold out as long as they can before destroying Eventually germans are overwhelmed

Answer 50

German attempt to drive a bulge through the allied frontier, cut British off from Americans. Failed but causes 100,000 American casualties. Hastened the end of war

Answer 51

Germany is dismembered both east and west, US army still has high casualty rates via pockets of resistance Hitler commits suicide Unconditional surrender

Answer 52

Capture of Mariana islands turns them into air bases with which to bomb Japan Fire bombings Philippines is most important part Nuclear bombs

Answer 53

19-26 year old single men, plan was to serve for year than go in reserve. After Pearl Harbor happens they're in the war for as long as they're needed. Women are 2% of armed forces as volunteers, did not see combat but functioned as nurses, pilots.

Answer 54

WPB War production board

Answer 55

Enormous scope Allocated raw materials, oversaw production, distributed defense contracts What can we produce on civilian side and what needs to be converted to military? Defense contractions - gave incentive for American businesses and made sure they made a profit

Answer 56

Impossible to get a new automobile, 35 mile an hour speed limit, retreating old tires, Canneries make contains for rations, ammo

Answer 57

US produces more war materials than all allied combined. US industry really kicks in ``` 300,000 military aircraft 86,000 tanks -great against infantry 372,000 artillery pieces -very effective 2.6 million machine guns 90,000 War ships ``` All this costs money - federal budget multiplies 10 times by end of war, defense spending multiples by 5

Answer 58

17 million new jobs directly related to war, not including spinoffs like laundromats, movie theaters, restaurants, department stores Lots going to economic outsiders - women, African Americans, latinos Farmers dealt with scarcity of labor as the labor source is in military service, although they saw really good times with tremendous international demand for food

Answer 59

All new jobs lend themselves to union labor, union membership rises from 9 to 15 million

Answer 60

War bonds, loans from American banks to government, tax increases

Answer 61

FDR runs and gets in third and fourth term. Most of the political argument was around new deal, war gave an excuse to roll back most of the new deal programs but Social Security, TVA, Wagner act survive Eventually there is a reaction against unions as strikes during the war are considered incredibly unpatriotic and a threat to our soldiers Republicans have Thomas Dewey, who persecuted organized crime and was a pro war internationalist republican Truman come after FDR, reliable in new deal status, safe bet with no overt civil rights record, compromise choice

Answer 62

Mobility and Unity

Answer 63

For men, leaving suburbs and farms to enter military service and go places they never would have gone, both nationally for training and internationally for the war effort. For women, leaving farms to move into economy for war related jobs, often living independently For African Americans, leaving hardline segregated states going north to big cities - forever changing makeup of America Air conditioning and industry led to rise of sun belt, California becomes largest state

Answer 64

Entertainment - Most of America was watching patriotic, government influenced movies every week, including Movietone news Sports - athletics continued, team pride, military teams were a big deal; Women's professional league is created

Answer 65

During the mobilization black leaders were envisioning a civil rights future A Philip Randolph threatened a major march on DC in 41 if FDR didn't do anything about discrimination in war industry FDR wants to walk the tightrope but starts the Fair Employment Practices Commission, which oversees the mobilization to try and eliminate discrimination Increase in employment, union membership, pay but enormous discrimination and racism Tension in the military between black and white soldiers, soldier rights Detroit riots 43 - 20 years of racial tension resulted in 34 deaths, soldiers called in Japanese Americans are rounded up and put in internment camps, but it would be ridiculous to go after German and Italian Americans

Answer 66

At final operations to dismember Germany soldiers come face to face with holocaust. Even generals didn't know, soldiers were clueless and unprepared. Some soldiers accidentally killed the survivors by giving them high calorie foods and water that their bodies couldn't handle In Japan the holocaust is as bad or worse, experiments on POWS; less systematic though Allied armies have to transition from traditional battles to humanitarian catastrophe

Answer 67

Major effort by the US to lead away from famine, transform their bitter enemy Macarthur implements new constitution, series of reforms, gender empowerment, democracy, rebuilding Over a 2-3 year period become ally, but war criminals are not punished the way they should be

Answer 68

Millions uprooted, Displaced persons scattered around. A number of the jewish survivors don't want to go home to their home countries, many want to go to Palestine but Britain resists this idea - they don't want to offend the Saudis and Arabs because of the valuable oil

Answer 69

Dismembered by enemies, 4.5 million dead. Atrocities occur, especially by soviets (rapes and looting). 4 Powers jointly occupy the country with differing ideas Enormously chaotic

Answer 70

The most powerful nation ever, first and only nuclear power Economic and military superpower Debt form war but good economy Enormous prestige for defeating evil regimes, helped allies enormously, liberated millions; tremendous international sympathy

Answer 71

25 million dead but USSR is enormously powerful Liberated much of Eastern Europe, major player post WWII

Answer 72

Bankrupt, beginning of end for empire militarily, economically, and diplomatically The idea of self determination comes in to play - no longer is there the feeling that empires have the right to expand

Answer 73

Soviet Union is hardline communist, Stalin is dictator, no freedom of any kind but there is a tendency for equality - everyone was equally oppressed United States has immense freedom and belief in private property, civil liberties; however the society is still white male dominated Diametrically opposed societies

Answer 74

Poland is liberated by red army and have communist regime shoved down their throat Polish hope for representative government but not going to happen

Answer 75

4 Occupation zones (British, French, soviet, and US) become east and west Germany as we never could agree East Germany - German Democratic Republic (German communists) West Germany - Federal Republic of Germany (right leaning democracy)

Answer 76

Westerners show up uninvited to do businesses in the 1850s. Traditionalists want to reject the new technology modernists recognize the need to get on board. By late 19th century Japan needs to industrialize, an existential crisis leads Japan ending up as a fascist regime.

Test 2 Flashcards

(100 cards)