TEST 2 Flashcards
1
Q
what are the sample requirements for hematology
A
EDTA anti coagulated
not clotted
2
Q
what does RBC stand for
A
red blood cells
3
Q
do males or females have more RBC count
A
males
4
Q
why do males have more RBC
A
bigger
no period
5
Q
RBC have ____ which carries _____ to the body
A
hemoglobin
oxygen
6
Q
what does WBC stand for
A
white blood cell
7
Q
what can you indicate from increased # of total WBC
A
infection
8
Q
what can you indicate from high sub population of WBC
A
type of infection
9
Q
if a patient has a lot of neutrophils what kind of infection do they have
A
bacterial
10
Q
if a patient has a lot of lymphocytes what kind of infection do they have
A
viral
11
Q
what can you indicate from abnormal proliferation of WBC
A
cancer
12
Q
what are platelets involved in
A
clotting
13
Q
if there is a mutation in the hemoglobin what does this lead to
A
increased # of RBCs
14
Q
what is hematocrit
A
% of RBCs in whole blood
15
Q
what is mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
A
how big your red cell is
16
Q
what is the term of below range of MCV
A
microcytes
17
Q
what is the term of in range of MCV
A
normocytes
18
Q
what is the term of above range of MCV
A
macrocytes
19
Q
what is mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
A
average amount of hemoglobin per RBC
20
Q
what is the term of below range of MCH
A
hypochromic
21
Q
what is the term of above range of MCH
A
hyperchromic
22
Q
what is mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
A
average hemoglobin in a given volume of RBC volume
23
Q
if high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) what should you expect
A
agglutination
24
Q
in a normal person how many bell curves should they have in a RBC histogram graph
A
1
25
what would you be looking at if you were finding clots, estimating platelets, and looking for weird RBCs and WBCs
peripheral blood smear
26
what can a CBC tell you
anemia
infection
leukemia
clotting
27
what is the general rule called for RBC abnormality
rule of 3
28
function of WBC
fights infections
29
what does the % equal on a blood printout
relative
30
percentage x WBCC=
absolute
31
what is the most common WBC
neutrophil
32
what kind of WBC gets bigger as it reacts
lymphocyte
33
what kind of WBC is the largest leukocyte and a phagocytic cell
monocyte
34
what kind of WBC has pink granules
eosinophil
35
what kind of WBC is elected in allergies and worm infections
eosinophil
36
what kind of WBC is the smallest % in your body
basophil
37
when there is an increase in basophils what can this indicate
chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
38
what is the name of an immature RBC
reticulocyte
39
what does a left shift mean
lots of immature cells
40
what is malaria
RBC parasites
41
instrument that measure light transmitted by a solution to determine the conc of the light absorbing substance in the solution
spectrometer
42
what are the 2 basic principles of the spectrometer
- substances absorb light at a unique wavelength
| - amount of light absorbed is proportional to the amount of substance that is present
43
what is beer's law
absorbance equals conc
44
how do you find the value of a calibrator
assay 100x and then get a value
45
what is a standard
something with a known value
46
how does QC work
you get the absorbance and compare it to the standard to find the conc
47
what is a deviation
when a sample gets so concentrated that it can not be read correctly
48
what does your body produce when you have high blood sugar
insulin
49
what does your body produce when you have low blood sugar
glucagon
50
osmosis
the movement of water through a semi-permeable mmb to a more concentrated area
51
what is the name for a RBC in a hypertonic environment
plasmolysis
52
what is the name for a RBC in a hypotonic environment
cytolysis
53
what does cytolysis lead to
hemolysis
54
why is water not put into veins
it will burst RBC
55
what are the electrolytes
sodium
potassium
chloride
56
what is not common on a metabolic panel
calcium
57
what are electrolytes
ions that dissolve in water
58
what regulates water and osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid compartment
sodium
59
what can potassium effect in the body
heart
60
what is the most likely cause of preanalytical specimen error
potassium
61
if you have too much potassium what does it cause
cardiac issues, weakness, and tingling
62
if you have too little potassium what does it cause
cardiac issues
63
what is used to diagnose water and electrolyte imbalance
chloride
64
what is used to diagnose acid-base imbalances
bicarbonate
65
true or false: bicarbonate is volatile and needs to be capped most of the time
true
66
what is lost when you sweat
electrolytes and water
67
what happens if you just drink water when you workout
you just replace the water that is lost and not the electrolytes
68
if you were designing a sports drink what would you put in it?
water and electrolytes
69
alcohol _____- it stops the hormone that tells you to _____ water
dehydrates
| absorb
70
what is the best hangover cure
anything isotonic
71
what kind of calcium is active
free
72
what kind of calcium is inactive
bound
73
what would cause too much calcium in your body
bone breakdown
74
what is a product of protein and amino acid metabolism
blood urea nitrogen
75
what is measured to see how fast the kidney is filtering the blood
creatinine/GFR
76
what is a product of muscle metabolism, is a function of muscle, is not absorbed, and is freely filtered
creatinine/GFR
77
what does GFR stand for
glomerular filtration rate
78
what is used to diagnose and screen diabetes
carbs
79
what kind of sample is used to diagnose diabetes
fasting sample
80
what kind of solution is saline
isotonic
81
what kind of solution is dextrose
isotonic, sugar
82
what is in a clot
RCB
platelets
fibrin strands
83
what ion is important in clotting
calcium
84
what is the ratio of a citrate tube
90% blood
| 10% citrate
85
what are the requirements for a citrate tube
not hemolyzed
| not clotted
86
what happens if you don’t fill enough in a citrate tube?
there is too much anticoagulant
87
what happens if you fill a citrate tube too much?
the blood is not Anticoagulated enough —-> false results
88
what is warfin dependent on
vitamin k
89
what does heparin affect
antithrombin
90
what is hemophilia A missing
factor 8
91
what hemophilia B missing
factor 9
92
missing coagulation factors = _____ _____ make clots
can not
93
what does CSF stand for
cerebral spinal fluid
94
meningitis
spine infection
| affects brain
95
How do you know you have a hemorrhage in the spine
There’s blood in all tubes
96
what is in synovial fluid if a patient has gout
crystals
97
function of pleural fluid
moisten the pleural surfaces
98
how do they get pleural fluid out
Suck it out with a needle
99
What kind of fluid would be caused by ruptured abdominal organ hemorrhage from trauma
peritoneal
100
how can you differentiate between skin cell and a blood cell
skin cells have a Nuclei
101
what kind of cast in urine is not pathologic
hyaline
102
what kind of crystals are in alkaline urine
Triple phosphate
103
true or false: it would be a good idea to test the samples of family members
false
104
why can't you post about any of the work you do in the lab on the internet
HIPAA guidelines
105
what is informed consent
the patient is aware of possible risks and procedures
106
what is HIPAA
patient health information confidentiality
107
what is the study of poisons
toxicology
108
what kind of testing requires documentation of the chain of custody of a sample
Forensic testing
109
what does OSHA stand for
occupational safety and health administration
110
what is OSHA
ensures safe and healthy working conditions
111
what would describe hazards, safe handling, storage, and disposal of chemicals
SDS
112
what can be worn to tell someone how much radiation they have received
radiation film badge
113
what are the most common types of fires
A, B, and C
114
define ergonomics
worker's exposure to hazards that lead to cumulative trauma disorders and related illnesses and injuries
115
what organ does HBV and HCV effect
liver
116
what disease attacks the immune system
HIV
117
what does HIV turn into
AIDS
118
how does regular soap work?
traps bacteria in soap ---> rinsed off
119
how does antimicrobial soap work?
bacteria is killed on hands
