Test 2- Analgesics

Question 0

Psychological element, in head a little bit. Might be different on different days

Answer 0

Pain tolerance

Question 1

Physical element, how much pain can you take

Answer 1

Pain threshold

Question 2

An example is low-back pain

Answer 2

Chronic pain

Question 3

An example is a kidney stone or appendicitis

Answer 3

Acute pain

Question 4

What is the role of adjuvant therapy

Answer 4

Assist primary agents in relieving pain by using smaller doses of pain medicine

Question 5

What does adjuvant therapy do?

Answer 5

Decreases side effects

Approaches pain stimulus from another mechanism which is synergistic effect (work together to achieve a better outcome)

Question 6

Need progressively higher doses to maintain same analgesic effect

Answer 6

Drug tolerance

Question 7

What is drug tolerance common in

Answer 7

Narcotics

Works really good for awhile then same dose doesn’t give you same effect as it used to so you have to bump up dose

Question 8

Pattern of compulsive drug use; euphoria rather than pain relief

Answer 8

Drug dependence

Physiological

Question 9

Physical sign of drug dependence

Answer 9

Sudden withdraw of medication=withdraw symptoms

Question 10

Withdraw symptoms

Answer 10

Rebound pain, tachycardia, elevated BP, metal agitation

Question 11

Opioid withdraw symptoms

Answer 11

Anxiety, irritability, chills, hot flashes, joint pain, N/V, abdominal cramps, diarrhea

Question 12

What is a PCA

Answer 12

Patient controlled analgesia
-smaller doses that can be given more frequently
Problem: family members pushing button when they think the person needs it

Question 13

Opioid analgesics are all considered ________ and need what three things

Answer 13

Controlled substances

• dr has to write prescription
• DEA #
• no refills

Question 14

What are the opioid receptors

Answer 14

mu, kappa, sigma, delta, epsilon

Question 15

What are endorphins

Answer 15

Endogenous morphine
*natural internal mechanism of pain control
“Runners high”

Question 16

Opioid agonist are also known as

Answer 16

Narcotics

Question 17

What is the mechanism of action of opioid agonist

Answer 17

• achieve beneficial effects by their actions on the CNS

- also act outside the CNS, which is where unwanted effects occur

Question 18

Indications of opioid agonists

Answer 18

Alleviate severe to moderate pain
Cough suppressant- codeine, hydrocodone
Antidiarrheal preparations (because one of side effects is constipation)

Question 19

Contraindications of opioid agonists

Answer 19

• Allergy
• Severe asthma, respiratory
• conditions involving elevated intracranial pressure (ICP)
• pregnancy

Question 20

Side effects of opioid agonists

Answer 20

Sedation, constipation, respiratory depression, Euphoria, “high”, dizzy

Question 21

Interactions of opioid agonists

Answer 21

Co administration with alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, phenothiazine, or other CNS depressants= additive respiratory depressant effects

Question 22

Examples of opioid agonists

Answer 22

Morphine
Dilaudid
Demerol
Codeine
Oxytocin 
Ultram

Question 23

What are Combination Opioid Analgesics

Answer 23

• Very common by mouth narcotics
• Narcotics that are combined with aspirin (ASA) acetaminophen (APAP, Tylenol)
• work synergistically with the narcotics
• use less narcotics

Question 24

Examples of opioid analgesics

Answer 24

Tylenol #3 Percocet Percodan Vicodin

Question 25

What should you educate patient on when they are taking combination opioid analgesics

Answer 25

Instruct patient to not take OTC Tylenol with them