Test 2 AP2 Lect

Question 1

What does the systemic circulation deliver?

Answer 1

Delivers O2 to all body cells and carries away wastes

Question 2

What is the function of the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 2

Eliminates CO2 via the lungs and oxygenates the blood

Question 3

What is the avg. size of the heart?

Answer 3

14cm long, 9cm wide

Question 4

The cardiac myocyte generates ATP thru?

Answer 4

Cellular repsiration (need constant supply of O2)

Question 5

What is myocardial infarcation?

Answer 5

Heart attack - heart does not have sufficient blood supply

Question 6

Where is the heart located?

Answer 6

Posterior to the sternum, base lies beneath 2nd rib, apex @ 5th intercostal, lies upon diaphragm

Question 7

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

Answer 7

Endocardium (innermost), myocardial (middle), epicardium (outermost)

Question 8

The epicardium is continous with which membrane?

Answer 8

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 9

Function of the epicardium?

Answer 9

Forms a protective outer covering, secretes serous fluid

Question 10

Function of the myocardium

Answer 10

Contracts to pump blood from the heart chambers

Question 11

Function of the endocardium

Answer 11

Forms a protective inner lining of the chamber and valves

Question 12

What are veins?

Answer 12

Blood vessels (b.v) that carry blood towards the heart

Question 13

What are arteries?

Answer 13

B.V that carries blood AWAY from the heart

Question 14

The right atrium receives blood from the?

Answer 14

Inferior vena cava (IVA), superior vena cava (SVA), and coronary sinus

Question 15

What are the three sections of the coronary sinus?

Answer 15

(1) Great cardiac vein (2) Middle cardiac vein (3)Small cardiac vein

Question 16

The coronary sinus gets their drainage from?

Answer 16

From the coronary circulation and then goes to the RA (right atrium)

Question 17

How does blood flow from the heart to the lungs?

Answer 17

Vena cava –> right atrium –> tricupside valve –> right ventricle –> semilunar pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk –> lungs (r. pulmonary artery & l. pulmonary artery)

Question 18

Where does the right ventricle receive its blood from?

Answer 18

Right atrium

Question 19

What valve is between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

Answer 19

Tricupsid valve

Question 20

The right ventricle carries blood to the

Answer 20

Semilunar pulmonary valve –> pulmonary trunk –> lungs (right pulmonary artery & left pulmonary artery)

Question 21

How much blood does the right atrium receive?

Answer 21

70% of blood flow

Question 22

What happens when the ventricles relax?

Answer 22

Chambers of the ventricles are filled with blood

Question 23

What happens to the ventricles after it relaxes?

Answer 23

The chambers of the ventricles contracts and push the blood UP

Question 24

The left atrium receives blood from the

Answer 24

Pulmonary veins

Question 25

Are pulmonary veins deoxygenated or oxygenated?

Answer 25

Oxygenated

Question 26

The blood from the left atrium has to pass through which valve to get to the left ventricle?

Answer 26

Bicupsid/Mitral valve

Question 27

The left ventricle receives its blood from

Answer 27

The left atrium

Question 28

The left ventricle carries oxygenated blood to the

Answer 28

Aortic Semilunar valve --> aorta --> body

Question 29

Steps of blood flow from the heart to the body

Answer 29

pulmonary veins -> Left atrium -> bicupsid valve -> left ventricle (L.V) -> aortic semilunar valve -> aorta

Question 30

What is the function of the tricupsid valve?

Answer 30

Prevent backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction

Question 31

What is the function of the pulmonary valve?

Answer 31

Prevents blood from moving from teh pulmonary trun into right ventricle during ventricular relaxation

Question 32

What is the funtion of the mitral valve?

Answer 32

Prevents backflow of blood from the L.V into the L.A during ventricular contraction

Question 33

What is the function of the aortic valve?

Answer 33

Prevents blood frmo moving from aorta into L.V during ventricular relaxation

Question 34

"Lubb"

Answer 34

Sound is due to the closure of atrial valve (tricupsid & mitral valve)

Question 35

"Dubb"

Answer 35

Sound due to the closure of aortic semilunar valve

Question 36

What is the chordae tendinae?

Answer 36

aka heart strings - Connective tissue that connects papillary muscles to the tricupsid and mitrial (bicupsid) valves

Question 37

Function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart

Answer 37

Separates and allows the atrium to contract but the ventricles do not contract at the same time as the atriums

Question 38

How can we prevent backfrom of blood?

Answer 38

Papillary muscle will contract first before the rest of the muscle in the ventricular contraction

Question 39

What is the normal blood pressure of an individual?

Answer 39

120ml of mercury/80mL of mercruy

Question 40

What is systole?

Answer 40

After ventrical contraction

Question 41

What is diastole?

Answer 41

Heart relaxation (pressure found in teh aorta)

Question 42

What happens when the heart relaxes?

Answer 42

Chambers open up (pressure drops so the blood in the aorta can gush back in)

Question 43

What is isovolumetric contraction?

Answer 43

"iso" = same Volume of blood does not change but the heart is still contracting. (doesn't change because the heart is pressuraizing)

Question 44

What is Boyle's Law?

Answer 44

Pressure is inversley proportional to volume (e.g if you want pressure to increase, decrease the volume)

Question 45

What happens if there is a defect in the intraventricular septum?

Answer 45

Septal defect - a hole in the lower chambers of the wall (blood flows from the L.V to the R.V)

Question 46

What must the intraventricular pressure be if a person has hypertension (BP 140/90)?

Answer 46

Intraventricular pressure has to be higher than 90mL of mercury

Question 47

Why is it bad if the intraventricular pressure is high?

Answer 47

Because it's asking the heart to work harder to generate intraventricular pressure above the DIASTOLIC pressure to push blood out.

Question 48

Chronic hypertension leads to

Answer 48

Left ventricle wall gets thicker in order to generate higher pressure which leads to HEART FAILURE