Test 2-Bovine

Question 1

Bacterial cause of abortion seen in rotting hay and silage

Answer 1

Listeria

Question 2

When does Listeria cause abortion?

Answer 2

3rd trimester

Question 3

How can you differentiate Listeria from Neospora?

Answer 3

Listeria has SICK cows

Question 4

Describe the fetus infected with Listeria?

Answer 4

autolysed, necrotic foci

Question 5

Which form of Lepto causes more severe disease, host adapted or non-host adapted?

Answer 5

Non host adapted

Abortion storm!

Question 6

Easy way to remember which Lepto species is host adapted?

Answer 6

Has hardjo in the name

Question 7

Drug that can help you collect Lepto for diagnosis?

Answer 7

Lasix

Question 8

When do you vaccinate for Lepto?

Answer 8

Prevention and during outbreak (given with tetracycline)

Question 9

Bacterial causes of abortion that are reportable?

Answer 9

Lepto

Brucella

Question 10

Transmission of brucella?

Answer 10

mucous membranes

Question 11

When does brucella cause abortion?

Answer 11

After 5m

Question 12

Classic signs associated with Brucella?

Answer 12

Metritis and retained fetal membrane after abortion

Question 13

This infectious cause of abortion causes the placenta to feel like moroccan leather…

Answer 13

Brucella

Question 14

Which brucella vaccine does not interfere with diagnostic testing?

Answer 14

RB51

Question 15

Who do you vaccinate for Brucella?

Answer 15

only the heifers! causes orchitis in bulls

Question 16

Two organisms that cause early embryonic death?

Answer 16

Campylobacter/Vibrio

Trichomoniasis

Question 17

How is vibrio transmitted?

Answer 17

Coitus

Question 18

How can you differentiated vibrio from trich?

Answer 18

Vibrio does not affect conception

Question 19

This infectious agent has delayed return to estrus as a clinical sign…

Answer 19

Vibrio

Question 20

How do you diagnose vibrio?

Answer 20

Clark’s media

Question 21

How do you treat vibrio?

Answer 21

Cull Bulls

Cows clear in 6m

Question 22

When do you vaccinate for vibrio?

Answer 22

PREVENTION Before breeding season

Question 23

When do you vaccinate for trich?

Answer 23

TREATMENT During infection, shortens treatment

Question 24

Agent that causes granular vulvovaginitis?

Answer 24

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Question 25

Define EED

Answer 25

Fetal death before 8w

Question 26

Define abortion

Answer 26

Death 56-260days of gestation

Question 27

Define stillbirth

Answer 27

Fetal death after 260d

Question 28

What is the most commonly diagnosed cause of viral abortion?

Answer 28

IBR

Question 29

Which form of IBR causes abortion?

Answer 29

Systemic, not venereal

Question 30

When does IBR cause abortions

Answer 30

4-8m, mid to late term

Question 31

Which type of transmission causes PI calves?

Answer 31

Vertical

Question 32

Which virus has PI calves?

Answer 32

BVDV

Question 33

When does abortion occur with BVDV?

Answer 33

Any time

Question 34

When must a fetus be exposed to BVDV to become a PI calf?

Answer 34

4-120d, before immunocompetence!

Question 35

What is the primary source of spread of BVDV?

Answer 35

PI calves

Question 36

How is BVDV spread?

Answer 36

Bodily fluids

Question 37

What is the gold standard for BVDV dx?

Answer 37

Virus isolation...but its expensive and maternal Ab's interfere until 6m

Question 38

What is the most common method of BVDV dx?

Answer 38

Immunohistochemistry from ear notch...inexpensive, no false positives, tests for Ag not Ab

Question 39

What does Bluetongue cause?

Answer 39

teratogenesis

Question 40

Most common cause of fungal abortion?

Answer 40

Aspergillus

Question 41

Mycotic plaques are seen on the fetus when this infection is present...

Answer 41

Aspergillus

Question 42

When and from where does Aspergillus come?

Answer 42

- Winter, Spring | - Moldy food

Question 43

What pattern will you see in a herd history from a herd infected with Trich?

Answer 43

Reverse stair step, this is the primary clinical sign!

Question 44

Cause of postcoital pyometra?

Answer 44

Trich

Question 45

How does the vaccine work for Trich?

Answer 45

Shortens recovery

Question 46

Source of neospora?

Answer 46

Ingestion of dog feces

Question 47

Toxin that causes crooked calf syndrome?

Answer 47

Poison hemlock

Question 48

This toxin affects cattle but does not affect small ruminants...

Answer 48

Lupines (anagyrine, ammodendrine)

Question 49

This toxin must be ingested for 4-6w for it to cause a problem...

Answer 49

Locoweed (astragalus, oxytropis, swainsonine)

Question 50

This toxin causes the most economic loss from a plant...

Answer 50

Locoweed

Question 51

This toxin causes hemorrhagic placentitis resulting in abortion in 50% of cows that ingest is...

Answer 51

Ponderosa pine (isocupressic acid)

Question 52

This toxin causes summer slump, resulting in infertility and decreased milk production

Answer 52

Fescue

Question 53

This toxin causes late term abortions

Answer 53

Nitrates

Question 54

Difference in hydrallmantois and hydramnios

Answer 54

Amnios is gradual accumulation of fluid, Allantois is during the last trimester

Question 55

Why can't you drain extra dropsical fluid quickly?

Answer 55

Dehydration of the dam resulting in shock

Question 56

What is the source of progesterone during the first 150d of pregnancy?

Answer 56

Luteal

Question 57

Source of progesterone during 150-250d of pregnancy?

Answer 57

Placenta (and ovaries)

Question 58

Source of progesterone during the last month of pregnancy?

Answer 58

Luteal

Question 59

Drugs to induce abortion at day 5-150

Answer 59

PGF

Question 60

Drugs to induce abortion at day 15-240

Answer 60

25mg Dex, 25mg Lutalyse

Question 61

When you don't know the stage of pregnancy, what drug protocol for abortion?

Answer 61

Dex+Lutalyse | Why? Works from day 5-283

Question 62

Abortion induced after this day will cause RFM and endometritis in over 80% of cows

Answer 62

120d

Question 63

How do you induce parturition?

Answer 63

Best: Dex+Lutalyse, but either alone will work during final month