Test 2 Ch 4-5

Question 1

System Components

Answer 1

Hierarchically ordered, Interdependent, Permeable

Question 2

Input–Throughput–Output processes

Answer 2

Exchange, feedback processes

Question 3

System Properties

Answer 3

Holism, equifinality, negative entropy, requisite variety

Question 4

Hierarchically ordered

Answer 4

system consists of smaller subsystems and is embedded within larger supersystems

Question 5

Interdependent

Answer 5

System components depend on each other for effective functioning

Question 6

Permeable

Answer 6

system is open to its environment , and system components are open to each other

Question 7

Exchange processes

Answer 7

input and output processes require exchange between the system and the environment. throughput processes require exchange among system components

Question 8

feedback processes

Answer 8

system control is maintained through feedback. corrective (negative) feedback serves to keep a system on a steady course. growth (positive) feedback serves to transform or change a system

Question 9

Holism

Answer 9

because of component interdependence, a system is more than the sum of its parts

Question 10

equifinality

Answer 10

because of component interdependence, there are multiple paths to any system outcome

Question 11

negative entropy

Answer 11

because of system openness, a system has the ability to avoid deterioration and thrive

Question 12

requisite variety

Answer 12

because of system openness, a system should maintain the internal complexity necessary to cope with external complexity.

Question 13

a bias for action

Answer 13

Excellent Organizations react quickly and do not spend excess time planning and analyzing

Question 14

close relations to the customer

Answer 14

Excellent Organizations gear decisions and actions to the needs of customers

Question 15

autonomy and entrepreneurship

Answer 15

Excellent Organizations encourage employees to take risks in the development of new ideas

Question 16

productivity through people

Answer 16

Excellent Organizations encourage positive and respectful relationships among management and employees

Question 17

hands-on, value-driven

Answer 17

Excellent Organizations have employees and managers who share the same core value of productivity and performance

Question 18

stick to the knitting

Answer 18

Excellent Organizations stay focused on what they do best and avoid radical diversification

Question 19

simple form, lean staff

Answer 19

Excellent Organizations avoid complex structures and divisions of labor

Question 20

simultaneous loose-tight properties

Answer 20

Excellent Organizations exhibit both unity of purpose and the diversity necessary for innovation

Question 21

Systems/Orgasmic Metaphor

Answer 21

metaphor used for organizations rather than the mechanistic metaphor

Question 22

System components

Answer 22

What systems are made of
~people
~departments

Types:
~Hierarchical Ordering
~Interdependence
~Permeability

Question 23

System Process

Answer 23

How systems work

Types:
~Holism
~equifinality
~negative entropy
~requisite variety

Question 24

System properties

Answer 24

Unique characteristics that arise from these components and processes
~
~

Question 25

Hierarchical Ordering

Answer 25

arranged in highly complex ways that involve subsystems and super systems

Question 26

Interdependence

Answer 26

implies that the functioning of one component of a system relies on other components of the system

Question 27

Permeability

Answer 27

allows information to flow in and out

Question 28

Input-throughput-output

Answer 28

system inputs info from the environment through its permeable boundaries. the system then works on these inputs with some kind of transformational process (throughput) finally the system returns the transformed output to the environment

Question 29

Exchange

Answer 29

apparent in both input and output exchanging

Question 30

feedback

Answer 30

info that helps to facilitate the interdependent functioning of system components Types: negative feedback, corrective feedback, or deviation-reducing feedback (steady system functioning) /positive, growth, or deviation-amplifying feedback (change through growth and development)

Question 31

Holism

Answer 31

more than the sum of its parts

Question 32

equifinality

Answer 32

a system can reach the same final state from differing initial conditions and by a variety of paths

Question 33

negative entropy

Answer 33

tendency of closed systems to run down

Question 34

requisite variety

Answer 34

the internal workings of the system must be as diverse and complicated as the environment in which it is embedded

Question 35

cybernetics

Answer 35

process through which physical, natural, and organizational systems are steered toward reaching system goals

Question 36

Cybernetic system consists of

Answer 36

~systam goal ~mechanisms ~feedback