Test 2: Chapter 21

Question 1

_____ structures are easily penetrated by x-rays; whereas, ______
structures resist penetration of x-rays

Answer 1

Radiolucent; radiopaque

Question 2

What type of bone does the following description fit?

1. Closely packed layers of bone on the outer surface of “the jaws.”
2. Maxilla has a thin shell covering outer surface and
   mandible has a dense layer of bone covering outer surface; appears as a thick white border.
3. Interdental crestal bone appears as thin white lines on outside and the interior consists of cancellous bone that appears as white tracings within the bone.

Answer 2

cortical bone

Question 3

Interdental bone between incisor teeth is usually ____ and pointed in appearance, whereas interdental bone between posterior teeth is ____ or slightly rounded

Answer 3

thin; flat

Question 4

The crest of the interdental septa between posterior teeth should be _______ or _____.

Answer 4

rounded or flat

Question 5

What functions as an attachment of the tooth to the lamina dura of the socket? It appears as a thin radiolucent line surrounding the tooth root.

Answer 5

the PDL space

Question 6

A widening of PDL space on radiograph indicates tooth ________.

Answer 6

mobility

Question 7

_______ radiographs are used as primary film to evaluate crestal bone heights that are >5-mm.

Answer 7

Vertical bitewing

Question 8

_________ radiographic images have many visible shades of gray making it easier to see subtle changes like bone loss.

Uses High kVp exposure of 70-100kVp

Answer 8

Long-grayscale/low contrast

Question 9

What are some limitations of 2-D Conventional Radiographs?

Answer 9

1. Buccal alveolar bone hides bone loss on lingual aspect of a tooth.
2. Palatal root makes it difficult to visualize furcation on maxillary molars
3. Non calcified periodontal components are not seen

Question 10

Fuzziness in the crest of the interdental bone, widening of the PDL, and _____ in the interseptal bone are all early radiographic signs of periodontal disease.

Answer 10

radiolucent lines

Question 11

______ is the widening of the PDL space caused by bone resorption on either the mesial or the distal of the interdental crestal bone

(Also called funneling)

Answer 11

Triangulation

Question 12

_______ changes are finger-like radiolucent projections extending from the crestal bone into the interdental alveolar bone.

This represent a reduction of mineralized tissue adjacent to blood vessel channels in the alveolar bone

Answer 12

Interseptal bone

Question 13

When assessing furcation involvement it is often greater than it appears on the radiograph, it is not seen on the radiograph until the bone resorption extends past the furcation area, and it is easier to see on mandibular than maxillary.

Additionally, the _______ appears superimposed over the furcation of the tooth.

Answer 13

maxillary palatal root

Question 14

_______ is an oral inflammatory process that affects the soft tissue and hard tissue around an osseointegrated implant.

Answer 14

Peri-Implant bone loss

Question 15

The ideal crown-to-root ratio is :.

Answer 15

1:2

Question 16

While large interproximal calculus deposits may be visible on radiographs,
large ____and _____ deposits may only be visible if there is severe bone loss on the surfaces.

Answer 16

facial and lingual

Question 17

The ability to visualize on radiographs depends on the degree of mineralization and ______ of the x-ray beam

Answer 17

degree of mineralization

Question 18

____ can cause gingival inflammation, periodontitis, and alveolar bone resorption

Answer 18

Faulty restorations

Question 19

_______ generates a 3D image of the periodontium and structures of head and neck.

Higher absorbed radiation dose for patients

Answer 19

Cone beam computed (CBCT) tomography