Test 2--Chapter 28 Oxygen Needs Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is oxygen?
- It is a gas
- It has no taste, odor, or color.
- It is a basic need required for life.
What happens when there is a lack of oxygen?
- Death occurs within minutes if breathing stops.
- Brain damage and serious illness can occur without enough oxygen.
What affects oxygen needs?
- Respiratory system status
- Circulatory system function
- Red blood cell (RBC) count
- Nervous system function
- Aging
- Exercise
- Fever
- Pain
- Drugs (respiratory depression, respiratory arrest)
- Smoking
- Allergies
- Pollutant exposure
- Nutrition
- Alcohol
What are the three processes of respiratory function?
- Air moves into and out of the lungs.
- O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) are exchanged at the alveoli.
- The blood carries O2 to the cells and removes CO2 from them.
Hypoxia
inadequate oxugen
What is normal breath rate?
12 to 20 breaths per minute
Tachypnea
rapid breathing
Hypoxemia
a reduced amount of oxygen in the blood.
bradypnea
slow breathing
apnea
lack of breathing
Hypoventilation
means respirations are slow, shallow, and sometimes irregular.
hyperventilation
respirations are rapid and deeper than normal.
dyspnea
difficult, labored, or painful breathing.
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
- Respirations gradually increase in rate and depth.
- Then they become shallow and slow.
- Breathing may stop (apnea) for 10 to 20 seconds.
Orthopnea
breathing deeply and comfortably only when sitting.
Biot’s respirations
are rapid and deep respirations followed by 10 to 30 seconds of apnea.
Kussmaul respirations
very deep and rapid respirations
cyanosis
•bluish color to the skin, lips, mucous membranes, and nail beds.
hemoptysis
bloody (hemo) sputum (ptysis means “to spit”); note if the sputum is bright red, dark red, blood-tinged, or streaked with blood
Pulse oximeter
measures the oxygen concentration in arterial blood.
What is normal oxygen saturation in arterial blood?
95% to 100%
How is oxygen saturation recorded?
as SpO2
What positions are best to promote oxygenation?
- Breathing is usually easier in semi-Fowler’s and Fowler’s positions.
- Persons with difficulty breathing often prefer the orthopneic position.
- Frequent position changes are needed.
Orthopneic position
is sitting up and leaning over a table to breathe.
