Test 2: Chapter 7 Flashcards
(15 cards)
what are rocks made of:
-minerals
what are minerals made of:
-elements
what are minerals:
-naturally occurring, solids made of 1 or more elements
name and explain the 5 characteristics of minerals:
- crystal = faces of the mineral form a certain shape
- cleavage = minerals break along weak planes
- hardness = minerals are ranked using mohs hardness scale
- color = minerals have colors
- luster = how the mineral reflects light
name and explain the 2 types of igneous rocks:
- volcanic rocks = formed when magma cools above ground
- plutonic rocks = formed when magma cools underground
what determines the size of crystals in minerals in igneous rocks:
- how fast or slow the magma cooled
- fast cooling = microscopic crystals
- slow cooling = large, visible crystals
name the 3 kinds of sedimentary rocks:
- clastic
- chemical
- biochemical
name and explain the 3 steps that create clastic sedimentary rocks:
- generation = breaking down of a rock into sediment
- transportation = sediment moved with wind, streams, ect.
- lithification = sediments are compacted together to form new rocks
list a few examples of sediment:
- clay
- silt
- sand
- gravel
how are chemical sedimentary rocks formed:
-minerals crystallize from changing physical conditions
how are biochemical sedimentary rocks formed:
-from actions of living or dead organisms
what is metamorphism:
-changes in mineral composition and texture that happen in any rock
list a few ways that the mineral composition or texture of a rock can be changed:
- temperature
- pressure
- presence of fluids
what is a foliation:
-metamorphism forces minerals to take on a certain orientation
what does the rock cycle do:
- changes any rock into any other rock if the conditions are met
- links igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks together (they can all become one another)
