Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Environmental Science > Test #2 (Chapters 7,8,9,10, and 12) > Flashcards

Test #2 (Chapters 7,8,9,10, and 12) Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Embedded Water

A

water used to produce goods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Reservoir

A

part of earth where water spends time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hydroshere

A

contains all the places that hold water: surface, ground, and atmospheric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Residence Time

A

time molecule spends in a particular reservoir (water=9 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Aquifers

A

Subsurface areas of rock where water accumulates or passes through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Surface Water

A

rivers, streams, lakes, and wetlands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lentic Ecosystems

A

have still water defined by distance from shore and the penetration of sunlight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Lotic Ecosystems

A

rivers and streams ranging from turbulent rapids to still pools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Wetlands

A

Where the ground is seasonally saturated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Estuaries

A

where fresh and saltwater meet, high in light and nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Water Mining

A

Withdrawal of “fossil water” (nonrenewable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Point Sources

A

Identifiable Sources (pipe, ditch, well) that discharge contaminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NonPoint Sources

A

Discharge pollutants in a less identifiable way

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Water Security

A

ensuring reliable access to safe, affordable water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Cryoshere

A

all places on earth where water is frozen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Permafrost

A

perpetually frozen water in soil/rock that can extend thousands of feet underground

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Surface Currents

A

Affect the top 100-400 meters of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gryes

A

5 global currents (large circular patterns)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

A force caused by the Earth’s rotation that creates winds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Thermohaline Conveyor

A

surface and deep water circulation that distributes heat around the planet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atmosphere

A

envelope of gasses 62 miles above earth’s surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Troposphere

A

5-10 mile thick layer where weather occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stratosphere

A

Extends from the top of the troposphere to 30 miles above Earth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mesosphere

A

has the coldest temperatures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Thermosphere
top layer is warm due to solar and cosmic radiation
26
Weather
Short term variations
27
Climate
30 year average of weather conditions
28
Relative Humidity
Compares air to maximum water the air can hold at a given temperature
29
Barometric Pressure
Pressure exerted by the Earth's atmosphere at a given point
30
Hadley Cells
looping weather patterns 30 degrees off the Earth's equator
31
Ferrel Cells
circulation patterns that occur between 30 and 60 degrees
32
Primary Pollutant
Substance that is harmful to the atmosphere in its directly emitted form
33
Rock Cycle
geological process by which the Earth recycles and renews its surface
34
Erosion
Natural Forces pick up and move weathered rock particles
35
Sediment
material that erodes and is transported
36
Metamorphic Rock
subject to extreme temperatures and goes through physical and chemical changes through the process of metamorphism
37
Minerals
Natural solids from Earth's crust that provide key minerals
38
Topography
shape of land
39
Water Shed
area of land that drains to a particular point along a river
40
Delta
sediment at the mouth of a river
41
Hillslopes
Water flows into a drainage basin due to hills
42
Glacier
mass of ice that flows over land masses and lasts all year
43
Imperious
water cannot pass through
44
Soil
mixture of weathered rock and mineral particles
45
Infiltration
larger particles allow water to move down into the soil
46
Soil Horizons
living (biotic) and nonliving (abiotic) factors in the soil creating layers
47
Soil Profile
typically less than three feet, makes up all different types of soil
48
Tilth
overall structure and conditions which facilitate plant growth
49
Leaching
process where water moving through the soil dissolves elements and carries them away
50
Tilling
preparing the soil for planting by breaking it up
51
Systems
collection of components interacting with each other to produce outcomes that they could not produce on their own
52
Open System
affected by outside influences
53
Closed System
self contained, neither receiving nor sending inputs
54
Models
simplified representations of the world
55
Stock
supply of something we want to observe and measure
56
Flows
mechanisms and rates
57
Photosynthesis
series of chemical reactions that uses water and CO2 to store energy in molecules
58
Reinforcing Feedback
loop that responds to the direction of change by enhancing the same direction of change
59
Balancing Feedback
negative feedback loop that counteracts with the direction of the loop
60
Biogeochemicals cycles
paths that show how matter flows through the environment
61
Macronutrients
elements that organisms use in large amounts
62
Sink
place where matter accumulates and is held for a long time
63
Eutrophication
process where phosphorus can alter marine and freshwater ecosystems
64
Nitrogen Fixation
process where plants use nitrogen compounds that are dissolved in water and taken up by their roots from the soil
65
Diazotrophs
bacteria that has an enzyme that uses free nitrogen from the air with hydrogen to make ammonia which is a mutualistic relationship
66
Ammonification
process with fungi/bacteria where they break down nitrogen compounds in waste products, dead plants, and dead animal matter and release ammonia
67
Nitrification
microorganisms convert ammonia to nitrogen compounds
68
Methanogens
methane producers that thrive in oxygen poor or anoxic environments
69
Ocean acidification
increased dissolution of CO2 in ocean water (Carbonic acid H2CO3)
70
Agriculture
process of cultivating plants for animals and consumption
71
Fallow
unplanted fields
72
Synthetic Fertilizers
industrially produced chemicals with primary nutrients for plant growth
73
Synthetic Pestisides
chemicals applied to combat insects and weeds and are widely used
74
Genetically Modified Organisms
genetic material from one species is spliced into the DNA of another
75
Leaching
water moves minerals away and deeper beyond the reach of roots
76
Desertification
when drought, erosion, and soil infertility cause land to lose 10% or more of its productivity
77
Subsidence
when land settles as water filled spaces collapse under the weight of overlying rock and soil collapses, reduces aquifers ability to store water
78
Agrobiodiversity
variety of genetic material in organisms used for food
79
Genetic Erosion
process where genetic diversity is lost
80
Monoculture
agriculture process of growing a single crop, plant, or livestock
81
CAFO's
raise animals in confinement feeding them grains shipped from other farms
82
Ruminants
animals with a plant based digestive system that turn plant cellulose into protein. They can't process grain
83
Organic Dust
From animal feed, breeding, and pesticide that can cause allergic reactions
84
Salinization
the process in which soil that is low in salt becomes high in salt

Environmental Science (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions