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Di Imaging 2 > Test 2 Extremities > Flashcards

Test 2 Extremities Flashcards

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1
Q

Forces and resultant force

Tension

A

Transverse

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2
Q

Forces and resultant force

Compression

A

Oblique

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3
Q

Forces and resultant force

Rotation

A

Spiral

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4
Q

Forces and resultant force

Angulation

A

Transverse

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5
Q

Forces and resultant force

Angulation and compression

A

Transverse and oblique

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6
Q

Apposition

A

Describes the closeness of the bony contact at the fracture site

Describe offset of the distal in relation to the proximal

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7
Q

Alignment

A

Position of the distal fragment in relation to the proximal in the longitudinal axis

The degree of angulation

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8
Q

Rotation

A

Produced by a twisting force along the longitudinal axis

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9
Q

Rates of fractures in males

A

Highest in 2-3rd decade (10-29) and after 65years

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10
Q

Rates of fractures for females

A

Up to 20 years and after 45 years

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11
Q

FOOSH Injuries

<5

A

Supracondylar fx

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12
Q

FOOSH Injuries

5-10

A

Transverse radial metaphysis FX

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13
Q

FOOSH Injuries

10-16

A

Epiphyseal separation of the distal radius

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14
Q

FOOSH Injuries

16-35

A

Scaphoid FX

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15
Q

FOOSH Injuries

>40 years

A

Colles/ulna Fx

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16
Q

FOOSH Injuries

70+ years

A

Surgical neck of humeral FX

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17
Q

Epiphyseal injuries are most common during what age ranges because it is the weakness area of the bone

A

10-16

Elderly

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18
Q

Flap fracture

A

Avulsion fracture of the greater tuberosity

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19
Q

Flap fracture with greater than 1cm of displacement indicates what

A

Rotator cuff disruption

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20
Q

Bankart lesion

A

Avulsion of inferior glenoid

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21
Q

Hill sack deformity/hatchet deformity

A

Impaction fracture of humeral head with glenoid fossa

Fracture seen on humeral head at superior lateral aspect

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22
Q

Luxatio erecta

A

Inferior dislocation of the shoulder

Severe abduction injury

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23
Q

MC mechanism for subcoracoid anterior shoulder dislocation

A

Extension, abduction and external rotation

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24
Q

Trough line sign

A

Double articular line seen with posterior shoulder dislocations

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25
Rim sign
Widened joint space more than 6mm seen with posterior shoulder dislocation
26
MC elbow injury in children
Supracondylar FX (60%)
27
MC elbow injury in adults
Radial head/neck (50%)
28
What is the MC site of dislocation in children
Elbow
29
What is the 3rd MC dislocation site in adults
Elbow
30
MC direction for elbow dislocation
Posterior/posterio-lateral
31
Nightstick/perry fracture
Oblique fracture of distal shaft of the ulna
32
Galeazzi fracture
Spiral/oblique fracture of the distal radius with slight dislocation of distal radio-ulnar articulation
33
Monteggia fx
Oblique FX of proximal ulna with anterior dislocation of proximal radio-ulna articulation (mostly anterior radius)
34
MC forearm fracture in a child
Torus fracture
35
Dinner fork deformity
Colles fracture
36
Colles fX
FX of radius 1-1/2 inches proximal to carpals with dorsal angulation of distal fragment
37
Smith FX
Radius fracture 1-1/2 inches proximal to carpals with anterior/volar angulation of distal fragment
38
Bartons FX
FX of posterior rim of radius with posterior dislocation of carpals
39
Hutchinson’s FX aka?
Chauffeur’s Fox
40
Hutchinson’s FX
FX of radial styloid | Usually non-displaced
41
Mc site for occult fracture
Scaphoid
42
Mc fractured carpal
Scaphoid
43
Pooping bird sign
Avulsion fracture on dorsal aspect of triquetrum
44
MC carpal dislocation
Perilunate
45
Pie sign
Lunate dislocation
46
A triangular lunate is seen with what two things and when is the sign called?
Perilunate and lunate dislocation. The sign is only called pie sign in lunate dislocation
47
Perilunate dislocation
Lunate articulates properly but distal carpals MC dislocated posteriorly
48
What is associated 75% of the time with perilunate dislocation?
Scaphoid fracture
49
Lunate dislocation
Pie sign, lunate dislocated mc anteriorly
50
Rotatory subluxation of scaphoid with scaphoid-lunate instability
Ring sing, wide scaphoid-lunate articulation and appearance of shortened scaphoid
51
Terry Thomas sign
Widened scaphoid-lunate articulation
52
Scapholunate instability only
Terry Thomas sign
53
Boxers FX
FX to the neck of the 4/5th MC with anterior angulation of distal fragment
54
Baseball/mallet finger
``` Avulsion fracture of the extensor tendon on the dorsal aspect of the base of the distal phalanx Hyperflexion mechanism (due to blow to the end of the finger) ```
55
Gamekeepers thumb
Avulsion fracture of ulnar collateral ligament (medial side) at the base of the proximal phalanx of digit 1
56
Posterior hip dislocation
Femur superior | Flexion MOI
57
Anterior hip dislocation
Inferior femur | Abduction and external rotation MOI
58
FBI sign
Lipohemoarthrosis—> intra-articular femur fracture. Sign seen above the patella
59
Compression fracture
Inner femur neck | Low risk
60
Tension fracture
Outer femur neck | Increased risk
61
X-ray findings that you should suspect ACL tear
Segonds FX/ avulsion FX of tibial spine
62
Segonds FX
Cortical avulsion fracture of lateral portion of lateral tibial plateau 75-100% associated with ACL tear!!
63
Toddler’s FX
Spiral FX of tibia
64
Maisonneve Fx
Transverse fracture of medial malleolus and wide tibiofibular syndessmosis and oblique fracture of proximal fibula
65
MC fractured tarsal bone
Calcaneus (due to compressive forces from falls)
66
Jones/Dancer fracture
Transverse fracture at the base of the 5th MT Due to peroneous brevis tendon and inversion injuries (Normal apophysis is vertical)
67
Lisfranc dislocation
Dislocation of tarsometatarsals | Associated with diabetes
68
Chopart’s dislocation
Midtarsal dislocation | Rare
69
Salter Harris type 1
Shear injury of physis
70
Salter Harris 2
Fracture through metaphysis and physis Thurston holland sign (metaphyseal fragment)
71
Salter Harris 3
Fracture through physis and epiphysis
72
Salter Harris 4
Fracture of physis, metaphysis and epiphysis
73
Salter 5
Compression fracture of physis
74
Metaphyseal fragment of what salter harris is called what?
Salter Harris type 2 called thurston holland
75
Thurston holland
Metaphyseal fragment of type 2 salter Harris
76
Most common salter Harris injury
Type 2-metaphysis and physis
77
What salter Harris fractures produce an intra-articular fracture?
Type 3,4
78
Grade 2 AC injury
AC ligament torn (more than 5mm) | Less than 50% elevated
79
Grade 3 AC injury
AC and coracoclavicular ligament torn (more than 13mm) | More than 50% elevated
80
Mc type of shoulder dislocation?
Anterior 97%
81
Mc type of anterior shoulder dislocation
Subcoracoid
82
XRAY findings of anterior subcoracoid shoulder dislocation
Humeral head lies anterior and inferior Squared appearance of shoulder (May cause impaction fracture of humeral head via glenoid fossa-hill Sachs/hatchet)
83
XRAY findings for rotator cuff tears/chronic injury
Narrowing of acromiohumerual joint space (less than 6mm) Erosion of the inferior aspect of acromian Flattening and atrophy of greater tuberosity Elevation of humerus Osteophytes/cystic changes
84
Critical zone what and describe
Seen with rotator cuff tears | Area of hyper intense signal in supraspinatous tendon on T1 (normal tendon= black)
85
MC elbow injury in child? Adult?
Child: supracondylar Adult: radial head/neck
86
Chizel fx
Radial neck fracture
87
Ossification centers of the elbow
``` CRITOE: 1,3,5,7,9,11 Capitellum: 1 Radial head: 3 Internal/medial epicondyle: 5 Trochlea: 7 Olecranon: 9 External/lateral epicondyle: 11 ```
88
Hickory stick fracture
Green stick fracture (incomplete fracture)
89
Normal tilt of scaphoid-radial articulation
Normally has 15 degree anterior tilt
90
Signet ring appearance seen with?
Rotator subluxation of the scaphoid (with scapholunate instability if terry Thomas sign)
91
Bennetts fracture
Oblique fracture of the base of the first metacarpal associated with dorsal subluxation of the first metacarpal MC injury to 1st Metacarpal INTRA-ARTICULAR!
92
Rolandos fracture
Comminuted Bennett’s fracture. | Comminuted intra-articular Oblique fracture at the base of the 1st metacarpal
93
MC type of femur fracture
Intracapsular—most complications
94
MC intracapsular femur fracture
Subcapital
95
MRI findings or torn ACL/PCL
T2= white is torn
96
O’Donoghue’s triad
ACL tear Medial collateral ligament Medial meniscal
97
Boehler’s normal angle? Abnormal?
Normal: 28+ degrees Abnormal: under 28 degrees= calcaneal fracture
98
Patient with calcaneal fracture—also evaluate where for what
T/L spine for associated compression fracture

Di Imaging 2 (5 decks)

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