Test 2: Lower Extremity

Question 1

What 3 bones make up the hip bone? (oscoxae)

Answer 1

Ilium, pubis, ischium

Question 2

Which leg bone has no function in weight bearing or the knee joint?

Answer 2

Fibula

Question 3

What are the 7 tarsus bones?

Answer 3

-Calcaneus, Talus, Cuboid, Navicular, Medial/lateral/intermediate cuneiform

Question 4

How many phalanges are there in the foot?

Answer 4

14 (only two in foot)

Question 5

Where is the sacroiliac articulation?

Answer 5

between the auricular surfaces of the sacrum and hip bones

Question 6

Which ligaments prevent posterior rotation?

Answer 6

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous syndemoses

Question 7

What ligament is the strongest in preventing hyperextension of the hip joint and where is it located?

Answer 7

Iliofemoral ligament, anterior

Question 8

What three movements are allowed in the knee joint?

Answer 8

Gliding, rolling, rotation

Question 9

What ligaments in the knee joint hold the tibia and femur together?

Answer 9

cruciate ligaments

Question 10

What prevents hyperextension of the knee joint?

Answer 10

fibular collateral ligament

Question 11

What is part of the unholy trinity?

Answer 11

ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus

Question 12

What are the three main joints of the leg?

Answer 12

Proximal tibiofibular joint, intermediate tibiofibular joint, and distal tibiofibular joint (held together by anterior, posterior and intermediate ligaments)

Question 13

What are the movements allowed at the ankle joint and what type of joint is it?

Answer 13

Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, hinge joint

Question 14

What bones make up the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

Answer 14

Talus, Calcaneus, Navicular, 3 cuneiform bones, and 3 medial metatarsals

Question 15

What bones make up the lateral longitudinal arch of the foot?

Answer 15

Calcaneus, cuboid, and 2 lateral metatarsals

Question 16

Which arch of the foot is more curved and more elastic?

Answer 16

Medial longitudinal arch

Question 17

What supports the medial arch of the foot?

Answer 17

The spring ligament/ plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

Question 18

What supports the lateral arch of the foot?

Answer 18

Long and short plantar ligaments

Question 19

What movements are allowed at the foot joint?

Answer 19

Inversion and eversion

Question 20

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 20

Superior: inguinal ligament, lateral: sartorius, medial: Adductor muscles

Question 21

What goes through the adductor canal and where does it lead?

Answer 21

Femoral artery and vein to the popliteal fossa

Question 22

What muscles flex the hip joint?

Answer 22

Iliacus and psoas

Question 23

What muscle extends the hip joint?

Answer 23

Gluteus maximus

Question 24

What are the actions of the gluteus medius and minimus muscles?

Answer 24

abduction and medial rotation

Question 25

What muscles laterally rotate an extended thigh and abduct a flexed thigh?

Answer 25

Piriformis, obturator internus, gemelli muscles

Question 26

What muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve?

Answer 26

Sartorius, iliacus, pectinius, and quadriceps femoris

Question 27

What muscles are innervated by the obturator nerve?

Answer 27

Adductors (longus, brevis, and magnus) and gracilis (also an adductor), and obturator externus

Question 28

What are the posterior superficial muscles of the leg and foot?

Answer 28

Gastrocnemius and soleus; plantar flexes knee and ankle

Question 29

What are the posterior deep muscles of the leg and foot?

Answer 29

Popliteus, flexors, and tibialis; flexes toes and inverts foot

Question 30

What innervates the posterior muscles of the leg/foot (and intrinsic muscles)

Answer 30

Tibial nerve

Question 31

What are the anterior group of muscles of the leg/foot?

Answer 31

tibialis anterior and extensors

Question 32

What is the action of the fibularis (lateral group)?

Answer 32

Everts the foot

Question 33

What innervates the anterior and lateral groups?

Answer 33

Peroneal nerve

Question 34

What are the branches of the external iliac artery?

Answer 34

Femoral-->popliteal-->anterior and posterior tibial arteries

Question 35

What is the course of the great saphenous vein?

Answer 35

dorsal vein of great toe+dorsal venous arch of the foot=great vein-->femoral vein

Question 36

What is the course of the small saphenous vein?

Answer 36

dorsal vein of little toe+dorsal venous arch of foot=small vein--> popliteal vein