Test 2 NMNC 1135 Flashcards
(68 cards)
1
Q
Difficult, labored breathing
A
Dyspnea
2
Q
Peak of the pressure wave on arterial walls
A
Systolic pressure
3
Q
A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
A
Cyanosis
4
Q
A slow heart rate
A
Bradycardia
5
Q
Absence of breathing
A
Apnea
6
Q
Presence of a fever
A
Febrile
7
Q
Apical pulse exceeds the radial pulse
A
Pulse deficit
8
Q
Increased respiratory rate
A
Tachypnea
9
Q
Difficulty in breathing in positions other than upright
A
Orthopnea
10
Q
Lowest pressure on arterial walls, occurs when the heart rests
A
Diastolic pressure
11
Q
Permanent or temporary hair loss
A
Alopecia
12
Q
Collapse of all or part of the lung
A
Atelectasis
13
Q
Abnormal “swooshing” sound
A
Bruit
14
Q
Earwax
A
Cerumen
15
Q
Double vision
A
Diplopia
16
Q
Bruising
A
Ecchymosis
17
Q
Swelling
A
Edema
18
Q
Redness of skin caused by congestion or dilation of the superficial blood vessels in the skin, signaling circulatory changes to an area.
A
Erythema
19
Q
Yellow hue to the skin
A
Jaundice
20
Q
Numbness or tingling
A
Paresthesia
21
Q
Itching
A
Pruritis
22
Q
Bending and twisting
A
Tortuosity
23
Q
Disequilibrium, spinning sensation
A
Vertigo
24
Q
Mechanism of cultural change achieved through the exchange of cultural features resulting from firsthand contact between groups
A
Acculturation
25
Process by which individuals from one cultural group merge with, or blend into a second group
Assimilation
26
A statement, idea, or principle that has a broad application
Generalization
27
Focuses on the outsider's world and especially on professional views
Etic perspective
28
Process whereby a culture is passed from generation to generation
Enculturation
29
Arbitrarily assigning a race to a person on the basis of a societal dictate that associates social identity with ancestry
Rule of descent
30
Focuses on the local, indigenous, and insider's culture
Emic perspective
31
Belief that one's own culture is superior to that of another while using one's own cultural values as the criteria by which to judge other cultures
Ethnocentrism
32
A group of people having a common interest or identity
Community
33
Process of being reared and nurtured within a culture and acquiring its characteristics
Socialization
34
Results from nerve injury
Neuropathic pain
35
Physiological pain
Somatic pain
36
Excessive sensitivity
Hyperalgesia
37
Occurs after an amputation when the brain continues to receive messages from the area of the amputation
Phantom pain
38
Pain that extends to other areas
Radiating pain
39
Pain that is perceived by an individual but has no physical cause
Psychogenic pain
40
Pain from noninjury stimuli
Allodynia
41
Greatly exaggerated pain reaction to stimuli
Hyperpathia
42
The administration of medications before a painful event
Preemptive analgesia
43
Unpleasant, abnormal sensation
Dysesthesia
44
A central pulse that can be auscultated over the apex of the heart at the point of maximal impulse (PMI)
Apical pulse
45
An irregular rhythm in the pulse, caused by an early, late, or missed heartbeat,
is referred to as a dysrhythmia or an arrhythmia.
46
Listening with a stethoscope
auscultation
47
The absence of Korotkoff sounds noted in some patients after the initial systolic pressure; the gap may cover a range as wide as 40 mm Hg. Failure to recognize this may lead to major errors in measuring blood pressure.
Auscultatory gap
48
The measurable pressure of blood within the systemic arteries.
Blood pressure
49
Temperature of deep tissues
Core temperature
50
a rise in body temperature above normal, caused by trauma or illness
Fever (pyrexia)
51
Occurs from exposure to subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside the cells, which may cause permanent circulatory and tissue damage. Common sites for this are earlobes, the tip of the nose, fingers, and toes. The skin becomes white and firm, with a loss of sensation. Interventions for this include gradual warming, pain management, and protection of the injured area.
Frostbite
52
Occurs when extreme or prolonged environmental heat exposure leads to profuse sweating with consequent excessive water and electrolyte loss.
Heat exhaustion
53
Occurs when prolonged exposure to the sun or high environmental temperatures overwhelms the body's heat loss mechanisms. This health emergency carries a high mortality rate. Risk factors include very young or very old age, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and alcoholism, along with exercise or work out of doors in predisposing conditions. Signs and symptoms include confusion, delirium, excessive thirst, nausea, muscle cramps, and high temperature and heart rate. Hot, dry skin and absence of sweating are other features
heat stroke
54
high levels of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream
Hypercapnia
55
low oxygen levels in the blood
Hypoxemia
56
Elevated blood pressure; it is the leading cause of cardiovascular disorders and the most important risk factor for stroke.
Hypertension
57
High body temperature
hyperthermia
58
Deep, rapid respirations often caused by stress or anxiety
hyperventilation
59
The sounds for which the nurse listens when assessing blood pressure.
Korotkoff sounds
60
A sudden drop of 20 mm Hg in systolic pressure and 10 mm Hg in diastolic pressure when the patient moves from a lying to sitting to standing position.
orthostatic hypotension
61
Amount of oxygen in the arterial blood.
oxygen saturation
62
Physical examination using touch to assess body organs and skin texture, temperature, moisture, turgor, tenderness, and thickness.
palpation
63
Pulses that can be palpated over arteries located away from the heart.
peripheral pulse
64
The palpable, bounding blood flow created by the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart.
pulse
65
The frequency of breaths per minute (BPM). One inhalation and one exhalation is one breath.
respiration
66
An increase in respiratory rate to more than 24 BPM in the adult.
tachypnea
67
The sensible heat of the human body.
temperature
68
A basic but very important component of the physiologic assessment of a patient; used to monitor the functioning of body systems. VS consist of body temperature (T), pulse (P), respirations (R), and blood pressure (BP).
vital signs (VS)
