Test 2 : Polity + ST Flashcards
(32 cards)
CRISPR-Cas9
- Genetic engineering technique
- First discovered in bacteria 1986-87
- Naturally present in bacteria as an immunity system against bacteriophage.
Applications of DNA Fingerprinting
- Used as a genetic barcode.
- Biological evidence for investigations
- help diagnose disorders
Applications of Nano Technology
- Lightweight, high-strength materials would apply to almost any transportation vehicle.
- Lighter, safer, smarter and more efficient vehicles, aircraft, and ships.
- Silver can be used as medicine because it can kill bacteria at nano scale.
- Aluminium silicate makes glass resistant.
- Virus-killing masks can be produced.
- They find applications in cosmetics, waterproof clothing
- These can be used as vehicles for targeted drug delivery
Hematopoietic Stem Cells
It is multipotent primitive cells that can develop into all types of blood cells.
Found in peripheral blood, bone barrow, and umblical cord
Ideal targets for gene transfer due to the high potential for longevity and the capacity for self-renovation.
Gene Therapy
Is a medical approach that treats or prevents disease by correcting the underlying genetic problem.
Applications of Nano Particles
Nanoparticles could be generated by natural processes.
Can make superior household products.
Increasingly used in catalysis to boost chemical reactions
Used in reducing pollutions
Petroleum refining and in automotive catalytic converters.
Can be incorporated into solar panels. Nano structure solar cells are cheaper to manufacture and easier to install.
MRAM
Magnetic random-access memory can make computers boot almost instantly.
MRAM is enabled by nano-meter scale magnetic tunnel junctions and can quiclky and effectively save data during a system shutdown or enable resume play features.
Graphene
It is a single layer (Monolayer) of carbon atoms, tightly bound in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice.
Graphene is being used to boost not only the capacity and charge rate of batteries but also the longevity.
With Graphene tin oxide as an anode in lithium-ion batteries, batteries last much longer.
No reduction in storage capacity between charges.
Second Most abundant mass within the human body?
Carbon
Kuki Chin
Christian Community from Bangladesh’s Chittagong Hill with close ethnic ties with people in Mizoram.
Nano Mission
Launched by GoI in 2007
Due to the efforts made by the Nano Mission, Indiia has been able to place among the top 5 nations in the world for Scientific Publications in Nanoscience and Technology.
Nanotechnology has a wide range of use in agriculture like Nano fertilisers, hybrid polymers are used in packaging and to reduce spoilage sensors for food-borne pathogens.
Gold Nano Particles
They are being clinically investigated as potential treatments for cancer and other diseases.
It illustrates unique properties that occur at the nanoscale. Nanoscale gold can appear red or purple depending on the size of the particle. Gold nanoparticles interact differently with light compared to larger-scale gold particles due to quantum effects.
Nanotechnology
It is a science, engineering and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers.
Biomarker used to identify embryonic stem cells
Protein Oct-4
Stem Cells
Unspecialised cells of the human body.
They have the ability of self renewal
They exist both in embryos and adult cells.
Stem cells are NOT homogenous
The most basic and undeveloped stem cells are totipotent stem cells.
Gene Doping
In gene doping, the genetic material is delivered into cells and tissues using carriers that can be viral or non-viral
World Anti-Doping Agency is a foundation initiated by the International Olympic Committee based in Canada to promote, coordinate and monitor the fight against drugs in sports.
Mitochondrial spindle transfer
Mitochondria is replaced in the ovum before fertilisation. Most popularly used method.
Pronuclear transfer
Mitochondria is replaced in the zygote after fertilisation. This is a less popular form of method due to high risk
First country in the world to allow genetic changes in Embryos
Britain
In 2016, the worlds first three parent baby was born where a healthy mitochondria was obtained from another female.
ANY defect in mitochondrial DNA will cause diseases related to the eyes, brain, muscles, heart and liver. It may cause a serious medical problem known as Charge Syndrome or Leigh Syndrome
Rashtriya Gokul Mission
Launched in 2014 to develop and conserve the indigenous bovine breeds for improving milk production and productivity in a scientific manner and making dairying more remunerative to the rural farmers of the country.
National Gopal Ratna awards are conferred under the Rashtriya Gokul Mission
MAARG Portal
Department for promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, under Ministry of Commerce and Industry.
National Mentorship Platform by Start-up india : MAARG i.e Mentorship, Advisory, Assistance, Resilience and Growth
Provides focused guidance, handholding and support to startups through their lifecycle.
National Suicide Prevention Strategy
Reduce suicide mortality in the country by 10 per cent by 2023.
Under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Mental Healthcare Act 2017 effectively decriminalised suicide which was punishable under Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code.
The Central Asian Flyway
It covers a large continental area of Eurasia between the Arctic and Indian Oceans and the associated island chains.
The flyway comprises several important migration routes of waterbirds.
30 Countries of North, Central and South ASia and Tans Caucasus.
Some major countries are Saudi Arabia, Russia, India, China etc.
One in five of the worlds 11000 bird species migrate
Rohini missiles
It is a series of sounding rockers developed by ISRO for meteorological and atmospheric study.
Capable of carrying payloads of 2 - 200 kilograms between atltitudes of 100 to 500 kms
ISRO currently uses RH200, RH300, RH300 Mk-II, RH560 Mk-II and RH560 Mk-III rockets which are launched from the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching (TERLS) in Thumba and the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota.
