test 2 review

Question 1

What are histones?

Answer 1

Small globular proteins wrapped

Question 2

How is energy released from ATP?

Answer 2

By hydrolyzing the third phosphate bond

Question 2

Main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 2

Lipid Synthesis

Question 2

What does Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) contain and what is the function??

Answer 2

Contains Ribosomes; protein synthesis

Question 2

Where is the DNA found in a bacterial cell?

Answer 2

Nucleoid Region

Question 2

What is the purose/role of the peptidoglycan cell wall in bacteria?

Answer 2

provides a rigid cell wall to prevent celll from swelling or bursting

Question 3

Which organelle is repsonsible for photosynethes in plant cells?

Answer 3

Chloroplasts

Question 3

Equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 3

6CO2+6H2O+energy->C6H12O6+6O2

Question 3

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 3

Double stranded helix;
with complementary base pairs

Question 4

Difference between rough and smooth Endoplasmic Reticukum (ER)

Answer 4

smooth ER:
Lipid synthesis; no ribosomes

Rough ER:
Protein synthesis; contains ribosomes

Question 5

Structure/ characteristics of the bacterial cell

Answer 5

• cell membrane
  -cell wall
  -glycocalyx

Question 5

What are accessory rings of DNA called and in what cell are they located in?

Answer 5

plasmids ; bacterial cells

Question 5

What are plasmids in bactrial cells?

Answer 5

Non essential; circular DNA that provide additional genetic material

Question 6

What helps attach to surfaces?

Answer 6

Fimbriae

Question 7

Where is DNA located i a bacterial cell?

Answer 7

Nucleoid region

Question 8

How do Paramecia move?

Answer 8

Cilia

Question 9

What is an autotroph?

Answer 9

Producer that make their own food via photosyntheis

Question 10

What is an heterotroph?

Answer 10

consumer that depend on other organisms for food

Question 11

What are the end products of photosynthesis?(2)

Answer 11

Glucose
oxygen

Question 12

Function of the central vacuole in a plant cell?

Answer 12

stores water & nutrients

provides rigidy to the plant cell

Question 13

Role of fimbriae in bacterial cells?

Answer 13

help in attachment to surfaces

Question 14

Structure of the plasma membrane?

Answer 14

phospholpid bilayer
contains: proteins and cholestrol

Question 15

Differentially Permeable Membrane

Answer 15

only certain molecules can pass easily

Question 16

Function of Aquaporin

Answer 16

transporting water

Question 17

what are antigens?

Answer 17

recognizes foreign protein ex; A, AB, B and O blood type

Question 18

How does cholesterol function in the plasma membrane?

Answer 18

same answers 2 different ways of saying: -maintaining rigidity -prevents from becoming too rigid

Question 19

Types of protein found in plasma membrane (3)

Answer 19

integral peripheral trasmembrane

Question 20

Which moleucle can pass easily through the plasma membrane?

Answer 20

Hydrophobic molecule

Question 21

What are glycoproteins?

Answer 21

proteins with sugar attached

Question 22

What happens if a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution? (hint aeiou)

Answer 22

water enters the cell causing it t burst

Question 23

what happens if a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution? & what is it called (hint aeiou)

Answer 23

water leaves causing it to shrink; crenation

Question 24

isotonic

Answer 24

water will enter and leave at the same time

Question 25

What is passive transport?

Answer 25

movement of molucles high to low

Question 26

what drives passive transport?

Answer 26

concentration gradient?

Question 27

define active transport

Answer 27

movement of molecules

Question 28

what does acrive transpoort require? (2)

Answer 28

transport proteins &ATP

Question 29

Example of active transport

Answer 29

sodium potassium pump

Question 30

what is turgor pressure?

Answer 30

internal pressure within the cell wall

Question 31

facilitated transport/diffusion

Answer 31

transport protein glucose

Question 32

osmosis

Answer 32

movement of water across semi permeable high to low

Question 33

What is coupling

Answer 33

energy released by exorgonic reactuinton drive endogonic reaction

Question 34

potential energy and an ex

Answer 34

stored energy ] ex. stretched spring

Question 35

kinetic engergy

Answer 35

energy in motion

Question 36

exergonic reactions

Answer 36

less energy than the products

Question 37

enderegonic raections

Answer 37

input of energy

Question 38

first law of thermodynamics

Answer 38

energy can't be created nor destroyed ONLY transofrmed

Question 39

second law

Answer 39

useful enegery is lost as heat

Question 40

compepetive inhibtaion

Answer 40

binding to active site

Question 41

non competive inhibitaion

Answer 41

inhibitor binds allosteric site

Question 42

metablism

Answer 42

sum total of chemical reactions in acell

Question 43

induced fit model of enzyme substrae interaction

Answer 43

site changes to shape better