Test 2 Review Flashcards by Justin Bynum

Primary immunogenic WBC is the?

lymphocyte (others are granulocytes—neutro, eso, baso)

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What’s the most common immunogenic WBC?

Neutrophil

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Erythropoiesis is stimulated by?

Hypoxia

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Erythropoiesis requires?

B12

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Von Willebrand factor is released by?

Endothelial cells as well as platelets.

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Fibrinolysis occurs in response to?

Plasmin

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UV radiation causes what type of cancer?

basal cell carcinoma

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Macrocytic anemias are caused by?

accelerated destruction of erythrocytes

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Person w/chronic alcoholism is seen in clinic for generalized weakness, fatigue, diff walking, intermittent abd pain. What is it?

Pernicious anemia. (Look at signs and symptoms of diff kinds of anemias.)

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Person admitted w/an autoimmune dz directed against hemato stem cells. Will have???

Aplastic Anemia

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Bone marrow stem cell transplantation…

as few as 15-20 can fill a cavity in a few weeks; very therapeutic.

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Anemia of chronic dz caused by?

reduced response to erythropoietin.

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Man arrives in clinic w/4 days of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Hct is 61%. PA suspects?

Relative Polycythemia

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What is leukocytosis?

Increase in granulocytes

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A leukemoid reaction indicates a(n)…

increase in immature leukocytes.

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Infectious mononucleosis is…

An acute viral infection of lymphocytes.

-(can be diagnosed on monospot—a measure of IgM. Not definitive, tho)

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CNS symptoms in acute leukemia are often due to?

Cerebral Bleeding

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ALL is defined as…

> 30% lymphoblasts in blood or marrow.

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Gouty arthritis is found w/…

chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

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Reed-sTernberg cells are associated with?

Hodgkin’s

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DIC may be stimulated by?

Sepsis

-Acidity, hypotension, stasis, too.

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Thrombosis is most likely to occur with?

protein C or S deficiency

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Increase in reticulocyte count isn’t normally seen until?

1 week after birth

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Iron def anemia maybe associated w/ingestion of?

Cow’s milk

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Phototherapy to treat hyperbilirubinemia in newborn?

Converts unconjugated to conjugated bilirubin. | -By photoisomerization so that it can be excreted in bile.

Hgb alterations seen in sickle cell dz?

Is stimulated by deoxygenation.

Classic Hemophilia A is caused by reduction in factor?

- VIII - Hemophilia B: IX - Hemophilia C: XI

Primary thrombocytopenia purpura is an?

Autoimmune Dz

Person diagnosed w/ ALL?

Commonly has fever a/w hypermetabolism.

Hodgkin Lymphoma is primarily a/w?

CMV

Benign tumors are?

Encapsulated

Autonomy of cancer cells refers to the ability to?

be independent from normal cellular controls

Tumor markers are found by examination of?

Serum

Tobacco is associated with?

Esophagus cancer

In women, obesity is associated with?

Ovarian cancer

Where does osteogenic sarcoma originates?

Originates in connective tissue

Where does basal or adenocarcinoma originate?

Originates in epithelial tissue

This carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation?

Epithelial

Tumor cell markers include?

hormones, enzymes, antigens, antibodies, and genes

Intestinal polyps are benign neoplasms and the first stage in development of colon cancer. These findings support the notion that?

an accumulation of mutation specific genes

CML is a piece of chrom 9 that fuses to chrom 22 refers to?

Chromosome translocation

What is a point mutation?

Alteration of one or a few nucleotide base pairs

Enzyme telomerase used by cancer cells can:

Divide indefinately

What are some cancers a/w chronic inflammation?

Colon, liver, lung

Which cytokine is involved in producing cachexia syndrome?

TNF alpha

Woman c/o chronic gastritis, fatigue, weight loss, fatigue, tingling in fingers probably has...

pernicious anemia

What is pernicious anemia treated with?

cyanocobalamin IM injection

What's the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia?

Chronic blood loss

Man presents to clinic w/cheilosis, dermatitis, and painful ulceration of buccal mucosa and mouth. The PA expects what type of problem?

folate def anemia

Aplastic anemia pancytopenia develops as a result of what?

Suppression of bone marrow to produce adequate amounts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Symptoms of polycythemia vera?

Blood viscosity

Early detection of acute leukemia would include which symptoms?

Bruising fatigue, bone, pain, anorexia

In DIC, what are indications of microvascualr thrombosis?

Symmetric cyanosis of fingers and toes

Most reliable and specific test for diagnosing DIC is?

D dimer

23 yo MC student went to sub Saharan Africa, was bit by mosquito. What does she have?

Malaria

Which of the following organisms cause dysentery and has cystic form that contaminates the water supply through poor handling of human sewage?

entamoeba hystolytica

If you were walking around barefoot in the barnyard, what's most commonly acquired parasite?

Hookworm

Lab test to CONFIRM dx of acute infect mono caused by EBV?

Heterophile antibody test

A patient w/a recent episode of mono caused by EBV, is a star athlete who wants to play. He should wait how long after onset of his symptoms to resume any activities that may cause abdominal trauma?

6-8 weeks | -Splenomegaly

AA woman presents who's engaged to person w/sickle cell, what should you as a PA do?

Advise genetic testing.

What finding is consistent w/lead poisoning?

Basophilic stippling.

A man presents w/DOE while mowing. Labs reveal: WBC 6.1, Hb 9.7, Hct: 29. MCV 68. Platelets 254,000. What's most likely cause?

iron deficiency

Pt presents w/severe pain in left hip. Worse upon standing or walking. No falls or trauma. Physical examination reveals enlarged suboccipital and cervical LNs. Electrophoriesis study are positive for IgM. Subsequent urinalysis reveals Bence Jones Proteins. Which of following would be consistent the Dx?

Hypercalcemia (dx is multiple myeloma)

Local s/s of Hodgkin’s dz?

pressure and obstruction

Many cancers create a mutation of ras. What is it?

Intracellular signaling protein that regulates cell growth

Cancer’s associated w/obesity:

colorectal, breast, stomach, esophageal, pancreatic, kidney, endometrial? (from pg. 406-407)

Iron deficiency usually doesn’t come from what?

American Diet

+ Shilling test is Usu. associated with?

Folate deficiency

Best test to screen for cancer:

AFP (alpha fetal protein)

What is an Oncogene?

mutant genes that in their normal non-mutant state direct synthesis of proteins that positively regulate (accelerate) proliferation

Tumor suppressor genes have this function?

encode proteins that in their normal state negatively regulate, or halt, proliferation; have been referred to as anti-oncogenes

Proto-oncogene is an?

oncogene in its normal, non mutant state

With Tobacco + alcohol use there's a significant increase in risk of?

Cancer

Test 2 Review Flashcards

(73 cards)