test 2 review questions Flashcards
study for test (110 cards)
1
Q
what to know about a chemical
A
does it dissolve in water
2
Q
what is dissolve
A
surrounded by water molecules one molecule surrounded by many water molecules
3
Q
question for acid or bases
A
does it dissolve in water
4
Q
what happens if you are over based or over acid
A
disease state
5
Q
what is an acid
A
a substance that when you dissolve in water releases hydrogen ion H for hydrogen+1electrical charge
6
Q
what is a base
A
a substance that releases a hydrozide ion when released in water releases OH-1
7
Q
what is OH-1
A
Oxygen Hydrogen -1 electrical charge
8
Q
how do ions get their name
A
because they have an electrical charge treat like math
9
Q
What is Na
A
sodium
10
Q
what is sodium by itself and what is its reaction to water
A
extremely reactive, will burn under water, keep in mineral salt
11
Q
what is NaOH
A
drain cleaner,
12
Q
what is CL
A
gas-chlorine
13
Q
what is hydocloric acid
A
concrete stain remover
14
Q
what happens when you combine NaOH+HCL
A
water and tsbl salt table salt
15
Q
is oxygen bigger than hydrogen
A
yes
16
Q
H2O
A
2 hydrogen and oxygen
17
Q
what is an acid
A
anything that donates a proton
18
Q
what is a base
A
anything that acceps a proton
19
Q
what is sodium by itself
A
metal
20
Q
chlorine by itself
A
a gas
21
Q
sodium hydrozide
A
strong base in liquid
22
Q
hydrcloric acid
A
stong acid in liquid
23
Q
whar is sodium hydrozide and hydrochloric acid together
A
table salt
24
Q
what is potassium chloride
A
salt
25
salt free seasonings
has potasium chloride
26
ph
pure number no unit s0-14
27
what is the value of Ph7
water,neutral
28
water for injection
Ph7
29
what is going down on the ph scale(lower)
stronger the acid
30
the higher the schale(higher)
stronger base
31
blood value too acidic
acidosis
32
blood value too basic
alkadosis
33
base is +
acid is +
34
What are carbohydrates
carbo is carbohnate, hydrate is water, carbon and water
35
do carbohydrates desolve in water
yes
36
what is the function of carbs
short term or immediate energy minutes to not more than a day or two burn in oxygen
37
what is the major component of organic compounds
contain carbons as the major component
38
how are inorganic compounds defined
compounds that lack carbons
39
different types of carbohydrates
monosaccharides,diasaccharides,trisaccharides, polysaccharides
40
what are monosaccharides
simple sugars,individual building blocks
41
name some monosaccharides
glucose,6 ribose,5, hexoses, fructose,and glactose
42
how are monosacchrides named
by the number of carbon atoms
43
how are disaccharides formed
when 2 monosaccharides by dehydration synthensis
44
what happens in the synthensis reaction of diasaccharides
a molecule is lost as the bond is made
45
name some diasaccharides
sucrose, lactose,
46
what are isomers
galactose, and fructose, atoms are arranged differently , giving them different chemical properties
47
what are sacharrides
sugar
48
what is sucrose
glucose and fructose (cane or table sugar)
49
what is lactose
glucouse and galactose (found in milk), maltose
50
, how are diasaccharides digested
since diasaccharides are to large to pass through cell membranes they must be digested to their simple sugar units to be absorbed from the digestive track into the blood
51
what is the decomposition process of diassacharides
hydrolysis, the opposite of dehydration synthensis, a water molecule is added to each bond, breaking the bond an releasing the simple sugar unit
52
what are polysaccharides
polymers of simple sugars linked together by dehydration synthesis
53
why are polysaccharides idea storage products
because they are fairly insoluable molecules and lack sweetness of simple and double sugars
54
name 2 polysaccharides
starch and glycogen/ can tolerate cant tolerat cellulose
55
are carbs sugars
yes
56
is glucouse sweet
yes
57
2 glocouse molecules hooked together
maltose
58
glucouse and galactose
lactose or milk sugar
59
what is lactose intolerence
cells cant take diasacchrides directly from the blood stream have to be broken downloose ability when finished breastmilk worth effor to make key
60
sucrose and fructose use same key
lactose cant be broken down must be in formation key padlock
61
is lactose tolerence common
no
62
how long is storage for polysaccharides
2 to three days at most/ fill up on / convert to glycogen
63
where does glycogn get stored
liver and muscle and as running cells cut one glucouse off at a time for energy
64
what happens of you sont use glycgen up
gets converted to fat
65
what are the three lipids
triglycerides, phospholipids and steriods
66
what type of storage is triglycerides
long term, weeks months years/bears fattening up
67
what is the make up of tryglicerides
fatty acid and glycerol
68
if you dont have oxygen then
you dont have ater
69
why dont fats dissolve in water
no oxygen, only carbon and water
70
no oxygen equatesto
no water
71
what do fats hook up to
monditriglyceride
72
what happens when you takea triglyceride and replace one fatty acid with a compound that has a phosphoric acid part
becomes a phospholipid
73
phospho
likes water9heas
74
lipids
dont like water (tail) and pushes away and things that dessolve in water away
75
what do phospholips make up
cell membranes because of their dual dissolving nature (hydrophilic heads) hydophobic tails can seperate inside from outside
76
what are the functions of steriods
to make various harmones
77
estrogen progestrone testerone-
cholestrol, steriods
78
what is the function of carbohydrates
short term energy
79
what makes cholestrol and what does not
plants do not we make cholestorl from trigllycerides
80
what are building blocks of proteins
amino acids hooked by peptide bond
81
collegen is what
protein, 2x4 of body keeps things in shape structural
82
motor molecules
how muscles contract
83
diffrent key are
all proteins
84
amino acids
20 and 8 are essential
85
how to tell the diffrence of amino acids
the way they hook together peptide bond
86
what is a peptide bond
acid end of one amino acid make connection to the amino end of a diffrent amino acid
87
if you have 2 amino acids hooked together by a peptide bond you have
di peptide three tripeptide anything else is a polypeptide
88
is there a uni peptide
no
89
proteins
pick and choose which amino acid comes first, second
90
what are the structure of proteins
primary,secondary, teritary and quaternary structure
91
what is the primary structure of proteins
the sequence of amino acids form the peptide chani
92
what happens at the secondary structure of a protein
spirals or sheets
93
what happens at the tertiary structure of a protein
folded up to form globular molecule can trap
94
what happens at the quatenary structure
form into the protein two balls, join head to tail
95
what are the name of the protein that serves as keys are
enzymes
96
what is ATP
necleic acid
97
how is atp formed
the cells take glucouse, burn in oxygen to generate ATP
98
what do all cell process use
ATP
99
what does the T and P stand for in ATP
T is tri and P is for phosphate
100
what is ATP used for
energy
101
how to know if there are living thing
does it use ATP
102
what are cell membranes made of
phospolipid by layer with proteins
103
membrane transport
shape take or not take water
104
how to get through membranes
proteins, make channels
105
what channel is open all the time
aquaphorant open all the time
106
how to pump through bylayer
grab and pull
107
what are microvilli
little finger coming out of the membranes more surface area to absorb stuff , intestine,
108
what is a gap junction
pulls stuff out of one cell and into the next, need protein channel, can make tunnell dont go outside
109
what is a tight junction
seals for no leaks such as urine back into bladder
110
desomonses
anchoring junctions, bind adjacent cells together and help internal tension, reduces network of fibers
