test 2 uumn

Question 1

T/F In most cases, you can have dysarthria with unilateral UMN damage

Answer 1

False: In SOME cases you can have dysarthria from uumn damage:
*MOST cases will be from BILATERAL UMN damage

Question 2

T/F: UUMN is heavily studied

Answer 2

Falso: Very little studied

Question 3

T/F: UUMN is one of the most rare dysarthrias

Answer 3

Falso: Is may be the most commonly occurring dysarthria

Question 4

When uumn dysarthria occurs in the left hemisphere, _____ and ____ often co-occurs

Answer 4

Apraxia and aphasia

Question 5

What generally happens when dysarthria occurs in the right hemisphere?

Answer 5

cognitive and other speech deficits may occur, this will overwhelm and mask the dysarthric symptoms.

Question 6

T/F: UUMN dysarthria tends to be chronic

Answer 6

Falso: the symptoms tend to be transient

Question 7

What is a common etiology of UUMN?

Answer 7

stroke

Question 8

Other than determining a course of treatment, what is another important reason to identify UUMN?

Answer 8

It may be the most apparent symptom of neurological problems, so it helps with diagnosis– the neurological scans dont always catch everything

Question 9

T/F: UUMN dysarthrias are consistantly the same throughout patients

Answer 9

Falso: there is considerable variability among cases of UUMN

Question 10

UUMN dsyarthrias tend to be:

a) mild
b) severe
c) moderate
d) There is too much variability to determine

Answer 10

a) mild

Question 11

UUMN Dsy primarily effects:

a) prosody
b) coordination
c) respiration and prosody
d) articulation

Answer 11

d) articulation

Question 12

Speech probs with UUMN are due mainly to weakness of the _______ and ________

Answer 12

face and tongue

Question 13

T/F: You can see inccordination with with UUMN dysarthria

Answer 13

True

Question 14

T/F: the extrapyramidal tract deccusates at the pyramids

Answer 14

False: the extrapyramdial tract does not cross through the pryamids

Question 15

Be able to decribe the pathways of the UMN system

Answer 15

:) last test

Question 16

How many tracts does the direct UMN pathway have?

Answer 16

2; cortico bulbar/ cortico spinal

Question 17

The indirect pathway has ____same/diferent_____ origins as the direct pathway of the UMN

Answer 17

same

Question 18

List the extra stops that the xtra pyramidal pathway takes:

Answer 18

basal ganglia, cerebellum, red nucleolus, reticular formation

Question 19

which bulbar speech muscles have unilateral innervation?

Answer 19

lower face and part of the tongue

Question 20

what does the term “central facial weakness refer to? which part of the face does it involve?

Answer 20

weakness caused by central nervous system damage. Lower part of the face

Question 21

T/F: you usually only see either direct or indirect pathway lesions

Answer 21

False: you usually see a combination of direct and indirect lesions

Question 22

You typically see _______ and _______ in the limbs/organs effected

Answer 22

weakness and spasticity

Question 23

T/F: In UUMN lesion, Spacity and hyperfelexity are always present

Answer 23

False: Initially, weakness, hypotonia and hyporeflexia are seen, and spacity comes in time

Question 24

Define decerebrate posturing

Answer 24

stiff, rigid posture (when primarily cerebrum is removed)

Question 25

T/F: Degenerative, inflammatory, toxic-metabolic diseases can easily cause UUMN disorders

Answer 25

False: Only things that cause Unilateral damage.

Question 26

What can cause UUMN damage?

Answer 26

Some trauma, tumors, strokes

Question 27

Distinctive characteristics of UUMN dysarthia:

Answer 27

``` No single clear distinguishing features; Look for a cluster or group of characteristics - unilat central face/tounge weakness - Mild to moderate artic problems - mild irregular artic breakdowns - slow rate - strained/hoarse voice quality - reduced loudness ```

Question 28

What does the Pt. complain of with UUMN?

Answer 28

- usually aware of the problem - c/o thick tongue or thick, slurred speech - speech deteriorates with fatigue (not of sharply as with MG) - words dont come out right-difficulty with pronunciation - drooling or mild dysphagia - occasionally have inappropriate laughing or crying

Question 29

What are some nonspeech clinical findings?

Answer 29

- hemiplegia or hemiparesis | - May of sensory deficits

Question 30

List the speech findings for UUMN

Answer 30

- Imprecise consonants *most common - Slow rate - Irregular AMRs (usually mild) - Slow AMRS - Hoarse/harshness - hypernasality rare - seems similar to spastic dysarthria - reduced loudness - intelligibility is mildly affected - therapy not usually needed

Question 31

Why is it strange that irregular AMRs are seen in UUMN? What is the reason for this?

Answer 31

It is usually associated with cerebellar issues. could be due to damage to crerbellocortical fibers that intermingle with UMN fibers

Question 32

what are the oral mech findings for UUMN

Answer 32

Unilat. lower facial weakness (central weakness) in rest and movement *this is great for dysarthria in stroke patients Unilat. tongue weakness Dysphagia may occur Unilat palatal weakness Jaw usually normal -weakness is possible - Unilat. tongue weakness best indicator-- test this by diviation during tongue protrusion

Question 33

When dysarthria is the only sign of a stroke, what is the most common cause of UUMN?

Answer 33

Lacunar infarcts

Question 34

T/F: Lacunar infarcts commonly lead to aphasia

Answer 34

False

Question 35

Describe the severity of UUMN

Answer 35

* Most UUMN dysarthria is reported to be mild or mild to moderate. * However, there are some cases reported for moderate to severe UUMN dysarthria. * UUMN dysarthria is usually transient. * However,UUMN dysarthria can persist in some cases.

Question 36

strokes in what parts of the brain lead to UUMN?

Answer 36

Left carotid art or left MCA *middle cerebral artery Right Carotid art or right MCA Unilat strokes in the posterior cerebral basilar and anterior cerebral arteries

Question 37

Which stroke would lead to aphasia and apraxia and UUMN?

Answer 37

Left carotid art or left MCA

Question 38

which stroke would lead to neglect and cognitive issues?

Answer 38

right carotid art or right MCA

Question 39

Duffy's % of leison locations

Answer 39

95% - supratentorial 61% - left hemisphere 34% - right hemisphere

Question 40

T/F: Lacunar infarcts can occur in the basal gangila.

Answer 40

True- causes senorimotor deficits + dysarthria

Question 41

What is a possible reason that maority of Duffy's clients had left cerebrum leisons? -- what does this mean?

Answer 41

the aphasia and speech deficits that would acompany them would be more obvious, yet there in enough data that left and right hemesphere stroke can cause UUMN dsarthrisa