Test #2 Vocab

Question 1

Institutions that help their members cooperate military in the event of a war

Answer 1

alliances

Question 2

a situation in which the military capabilities if two states or groups of states are roughly equal

Answer 2

balance of power

Question 3

a strategy in which states join forces with the stronger side of a conflict

Answer 3

bandwagoning

Question 4

the risk of being dragged into an unwanted war because of the opportunistic actions of an ally

Answer 4

entrapment

Question 5

An alliance formed in 1949 among the US, Canada, and most of Western Europe in response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union… attack on any is an attack on all

Answer 5

NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization)

Question 6

A collective security organization founded in 1919 after WW1, the league ended in 1946 and then was replaced by the UN.

Answer 6

League of Nations

Question 7

A collective security organization founded in 1945 after WW2, With over 190 recognized member states

Answer 7

United Nations

Question 8

Broad-based institutions that promote peace and security among their members. Examples include the League of Nations and the UN

Answer 8

collective security organization

Question 9

Intentional and systematic killing aimed at eliminating an identifiable group of people, such as ethnic or religious group

Answer 9

genocide

Question 10

Interventions designed to relieve humanitarian cries stemming from conflicts or large-scale human rights abuses

Answer 10

humanitarian interventions

Question 11

The main governing body of the UN, which has the authority to identify threats to international peace and security and to prescribe the org’s response including military or economic santions

Answer 11

Security Council (UNSC)

Question 12

the five members of the UN security council: US, Great Britain, France, Russia (formerly USSR), and Chine

Answer 12

permanent 5 (P5)

Question 13

the ability to prevent the passage of a measure through a unilateral act, such as a single negative vote

Answer 13

veto power

Question 14

a military operation in which force is used to make and/or enforce peace among warring parties that have not agreed to end their fighting

Answer 14

peace-enforcement operation

Question 15

an operation in which troops and observers are deployed to monitor a cease-fire or peace agreement

Answer 15

peacekeeping operation

Question 16

a war in which the main participants are within the same state, such as the government and a rebel group

Answer 16

civil war

Question 17

the use or threatened use of violence against noncombatant targets by individuals or nonstate group for political ends

Answer 17

terrorism

Question 18

armed conflict between actors with highly unequal military capabilities, such as when rebel groups or terrorists fight strong states

Answer 18

asymmetrical warfare

Question 19

an actor that seeks to create an independent state on territory that carved from an existing state

Answer 19

separatist

Question 20

an actor that seeks to detach from a region from on country and attach it to another, usually because of shared ethnic or religious ties

Answer 20

irredentist

Question 21

conflicts in which tow opposing states “fight” by supporting opposite sides in a war, such as the government and rebels in a third state

Answer 21

proxy war

Question 22

a military strategy in which small, often lightly armed units engage in hit-and-run attacks against military government and civilian targets

Answer 22

insurgency

Question 23

actors whose interests are not widely shared by others; individuals or groups that are politically weak relative to the demands they make

Answer 23

extremists

Question 24

a strategy of imposing or threatening to impose costs on other actors in order to induce a change in their behavior

Answer 24

coercion

Question 25

a strategy of terrorist attacks intended to PROVOKE the target government into making disproportionate response that alienates moderates in the terrorists' home society or in our sympathetic audiences

Answer 25

provocation

Question 26

a strategy of terrorist attacks intended to sabotage a prospective peace between the target and moderate leadership from the terrorists' home society

Answer 26

spoiling

Question 27

a strategy of terrorist attacks designed to demonstrate superior capability and commitment relative to other groups devoted to the same cause

Answer 27

outbidding

Question 28

the ability of a country or firm to produce a particular good or service more efficiently than other goods or services that it can produce

Answer 28

comparative advantage

Question 29

the ability for a country or a firm to produce more of a particular good or service than other countries do with the same amount of effort and resources

Answer 29

absolute advantage

Question 30

the theory that a country will export goods that make intensive use of the factors of production in which it is well endowed - land - labor - capital for investment - human capital

Answer 30

Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory

Question 31

the imposition of barriers to restrict importsty998

Answer 31

protectionism

Question 32

government limitations on the international exchange on goods

Answer 32

trade barriers

Question 33

a tax imposed on imports

Answer 33

tarrifs

Question 34

a limit placed on the amount of a good that is allowed to be imported

Answer 34

quota or quantitative restrictions

Question 35

obstacles to imports other than tariffs

Answer 35

non-tarrif barriers to trade

Question 36

the theorem that more protection benefits the scare factors of production

Answer 36

Stopler-Samuelson Theorem

Question 37

an implicit or explicit arrangement for one government to exchange trade policy concessions with another

Answer 37

reciprocity

Question 38

a status established by most modern trade agreements in which signatories extend to each other all other countries as well

Answer 38

most-favored nation (MFN) status

Question 39

an institution created in 1995 to take place of the GATT and govern international trade relations. multilateral reduction to barriers to trade

Answer 39

World Trade Organization (WTO)

Question 40

an international institution created in 1947 in which member countries are committed to reduce barriers to trade and provide similar trading conditions to all -it was too loose of a system

Answer 40

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

Question 41

an agreement amongst three or more countries in a region to reduce barriers to trade among themselves

Answer 41

regional trade agreements (RTAs)

Question 42

examples of RTA's

Answer 42

NAFTA, EU

Question 43

- investment in a foreign country via the purchase of stock (equities), bonds or other financial instruments - do not exercise managerial control of the foreign operation

Answer 43

portfolio investment

Question 44

loans from private financial institutions in one country to sovereign governments in other countries

Answer 44

sovereign lending

Question 45

- investment in a foreign country via the acquisition of a local facility or the establishment of a new facility - direct investors maintain managerial control of the foreign operation

Answer 45

foreign direct investment (FDI)

Question 46

an important international institution that provides loans at below-market interest rates to developing countries , in an effort to try and make them carry out development projects

Answer 46

world bank

Question 47

a sharp slowdown in the rate of economic growth and economic activity

Answer 47

recession

Question 48

a severe downturn in the business cycle, associated with major decline in economic activity, production and investment; a severe contraction of credit; and sustained high unemployment

Answer 48

depression

Question 49

to fail to make payments on a debt

Answer 49

default

Question 50

the application of policies to reduce consumption, typically by cutting gov't spending, raising taxes, and restricting wages

Answer 50

austerity

Question 51

one of the oldest international financial organizations created in 1930. its members include the world's principal central banks, and under its auspices they attempted to cooperate in the financial realm

Answer 51

Bank for International Settlements

Question 52

A major international economic institution that was established in 1944 to manage international monetary relations sand has gradually reoriented itself to focus on the international financial system (debt and currency crisis)

Answer 52

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Question 53

an enterprise that operates in a number of countries, with production or service facilities outside its country of origin

Answer 53

Multinational Corporation (MNC)

Question 54

an agreement between 2 countries about the conditions for private investment across borders

Answer 54

bilateral investment treaty

Question 55

the price at which one currency is exchanged for another

Answer 55

exchange rate

Question 56

in terms of a currency, to increase its relative value compared to others

Answer 56

appreciation

Question 57

to decrease the value relative to other countries

Answer 57

depreciation

Question 58

ro reduce the value of one currency relative to others

Answer 58

devalue

Question 59

a tool used by national governments to raise or lower the interest rate

Answer 59

monetary policy

Question 60

the institution that regulates monetary conditions in an economy -usually via interest rates or money supply changing

Answer 60

central bank

Question 61

an exchange-rate policy under which a government commits itself to keep its currency at or around a specific value relative to another currency or a commodity, such as gold

Answer 61

fixed exchange rate

Question 62

the monetary system that prevailed between 1870 and 1914, in which countries tied their currencies to gold at a legally fixed price

Answer 62

gold standard

Question 63

an exchange-rate policy under which a government permits its currency to be traded on the open market without direct government control or intervention

Answer 63

floating exchange rate

Question 64

the monetary negotiated among WW2 allies in 1944, ended in the 70's the the loss of the gold standard, was based on the US dollar tied to gold

Answer 64

Bretton Woods Monetary System

Question 65

a monetary system of fixed but adjustable rates: gov'ts expected to keep their currencies fixed for extended periods but are allowed to adjust the exchange rate bc of changing economic conditions

Answer 65

adjustable peg rate

Question 66

a formal or informal arrangement among governments to govern relations among their currencies: the agreement is shared by most countries in the world

Answer 66

international monetary regime