Test 2013 Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
Find the proper set of functions performed by endoplasmic reticulum:
A
Lipid synthesis, xenobiotics degradation, glicogen storage
2
Q
The ribosome size is usually expressed in units of
A
Sedimentation (S)
3
Q
Which description of purines and pyrimidines frequency in DNA structure is correct?
A
A+G=T+C
4
Q
Single groove can be found in the structure of
A
Left-handed spiral of Z-DNA
5
Q
The true statement about the histones is
A
They are small, positively charged proteins of five major types
6
Q
DNA is a polymer composed of:
A
Nucleotides linked together via phospodiester bonds
7
Q
The aim of the Hershey & Chase’s experiment was to show that
A
Only DNA is inherited, the envelopes and synthesized separately for each generation
8
Q
In Avery’s experiment the cells of rough Pneumococcus strain were mixed with purified lysate of
Pneumococcus S strain cells. This experiment led to the conclusion that
A
Genetic information is nor carried by proteins or lipids
9
Q
Valine is coded by the following triplets: GUU, GUC, GUA, and GUG. Which feature of the
genetic code is related with this coding ability?
A
Degeneration
10
Q
Crick’s (Wobbie) hypothesis describes pairing between
A
The third base of the codon and the first base of the anticodon
11
Q
Inosine in the anticodon can pair with
A
Uracil, cytosine or adenine
12
Q
What kind of DNA III polymerase nucleolytic activity is used to ensure proofreading during DNA
synthesis?
A
3’-5’ exonuclease
13
Q
Choose the correct description of the termination of replication in Prokaryotes
A
DnaB protein is inhibited by Tus protein
14
Q
DNA replication in Eukaryotes is:
A
Semiconservative. Protein machinery participates in its initiation and it is present in
nucleus during whole cell cycle.
15
Q
Choose the proper terms to properly fill the following sentence: “In Meselsohn-Stahl experiment
the XXX was used to demonstrate the YYY character of ZZZ.”
A
XXX= centrifugation, YYY0 semiconservative; ZZZ= replication
16
Q
RNA polymerase moves along the template strand until it transcribes
(Not sure about the combination…)
A
5’ATCCGTTACGGGGCGCGGTTTTTTT3’
17
Q
Which sequence has to be repeated in the operon attenuator region when this operon is involved in
synthesis of polypeptides rich in tryptophan?
A
UGA
18
Q
The binding sites for DnaA proteins are
A
9-nucleotide sequence present in OriC
19
Q
Due to the process of alternative splicing
A
The same mRNA molecule can be used in synthesis of different proteins
20
Q
Which of the following processes occurs during posttranscriptional processing of the 3’ end of the
pre-mRNA?
A
Attachment of the poly-A tail
21
Q
Which of the following nucleotide sequences in prokaryotic mRNA will allow for initialization
and further translation of the whole given sequence?
A
5’AUG
22
Q
Product of the transcription and translation of the matrix DNA sequence 3’-TACTTTGGCACT-5’
is shown correctly by
A
Methionine, lysine, proline, stop
23
Q
The right sequence of the association of the elements of the initiation complex during the
translation in Eukaryote is given by
A
40S ribosome subunit, mRNA, tRNA met , 60 S ribosome subunit
24
Q
Lac operon structural genes encode:
A
Beta-galactosidase, permease, transacetylase
25
In tryptophan operon in the case of tryptophan absence, the repressor
Is inactive and cannot bind to the operator and transcription occurs
26
Indicate the role of glucose in metabolic repression
Increases the activity of the operon causing the increase of cAMP level in the cell
27
Transcription factor T…
T protein activates transcription by binding to a specific DNA target sequence
28
Expression of genetic information can be regulated during
Transcription and translation
29
A man has 10 sets of diploid chromosomes. How many tetrades will be there in prophase I?
10?
30
Using the following figure determine when the anaphase begins in the cell and how long it lasts
Start time 10 h, duration 10 h-To find this, find the point at which an increase in graph occurs, the time elapsed is based on the time the angle of the graph is positive and not plateau.
31
Attenuation-type gene expression control can be found
In Prokaryotes and in most of Eukaryotes
32
During meiosis the homologous chromosomes are separating during
anaphase I
33
The Barr body IS NOT
Sex chromatin?
34
Among statements regarding the process of X chromosome inactivation point FALSE
SENTENCE
In the germ cells inactivated X chromosome passes inactivation/ reactivation cycles
35
Chromosome groups
Based on size, binding pattern, and centromere position.
36
DNA methylation IS NOT:
Reversible process
37
The chromosome possessing the centromere near the end (one long and one very short arm) is
called
acrocentric
38
Heterochromatin is a
tightly packed form of chromatin that is not transcribed
39
Substitution is
Replacement of C by A or G by T
40
Small pigmented skin lesion (caffe-au-lait) are typical symptoms for:
Neurofibromatosis
41
Point FALSE sentence
Cystic fibrosis occurs in two forms _F1 and _F2
42
Peter who carries the allele for cystic fibrosis married to Jane who also carries the cystic fibrosis
allele. What is the probability that their first born child will have cystic fibrosis?
50%
43
Long QT syndrome is a disease caused by
Mutation of genes coding for sodium or potassium channels in cardiac myocytes
44
Regarding Huntington disease, which of the following is true?
Affected persons have many more repeats of the base triplet CAG
45
Marfan syndrome refers to
Skeleton and cardiovascular system
46
The truth statement concerning autosomal dominant inheritance is
Trait is transmitted vertically
47
Haemolytic anaemia due to consumption of broad bean or exposure to certain medications is
characteristic for:
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
48
What is the probability that a girl will have vitamin D resistant rickets if her father is affected and a
mother is healthy?
50%
49
Wolf-Hirschhorn’s syndrome is caused by deletion of:
The short arm of chromosome 4
50
The condition found mostly in plants where there are more than 2 sets of chromosomes per cell is
called:
Polyploidy
51
Cleft palate and/ or palate and eye defect are typical for
Patau syndrome
52
An individual with the karyotype 46, XXXY is
A male with Klinefelter syndrome
53
Masking effect of two non-allelic genes is an example of
epistasis
54
Choose the correct phenotypic ratio in F2 which is observed for complementary genes:
9:7
55
During S phase of the cell cycle the following process takes place:
Replication of euchromatin and herochromatin
56
CDK proteins participate in cell cycle regulation by:
binding cyclines and phosphorylating the effector proteins
57
What is the stage of the cell liberated from the mature Graafian follicle:
metaphase II
58
It is not the truth that the sperm cells:
carried out an aerobic cellular metabolism
59
In Drosophilia melanogaster female sex is determined when:
X/ autosomes ratio is equal to 1
60
Sex determination in humans is associated with
The presence of SRY gene on the short arm of the Y chromosome
61
The disadvantage of bacteria as organisms used to produce eukaryotic proteins is:
Lack of the splicing mechanisms in bacteria
62
Mitochondrial ribosomes
Are smaller than ribosomes of reticulum and are synthesized in
mitochondria.
63
Prokaryotic cell differs from eukaryotic cells by the absence of:
Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, chloroplasts
64
In Avery’s experiment the cells of rough pneumococcus strain were mixed with
purified lysate of Pneumococcus S strain cells. This experiment led to the conclusion
that:
Genetic information is not carried by proteins or lipids.
65
If a DNA molecule contains 40% adenine, then it must contain also:
10% of guanine
66
The aim of Hershey & Chase’s experiment was to show that:
DNA is inherited, the envelopes are synthesized separately for each
generation.
67
The nucleus bases present in nucleic acids are divided into two groups:
Double-ring purines A,G and single-ring pyrimidines C,T,U
68
Anticodon loop of tRNA.
a. Contains 3 nucleotides which pair with the corresponding codon on mRNA.
b. Contains pseudodihydroxyundine that plays a role in recognition of codons.
c. Is responsible for the attachment of amino acid to the tRNA during translation.
69
Nucleosome consist of:
DNA wrapped about 2 times around an octamer histone proteins
70
Bacterial chromosome is:
Circular DNA molecule, located within nucleoid region.
71
In human the following types of chromoses are found:
Acrocentric, metacentric, submetacentric
72
Genetic code is non-overlapping. It means that:
Certain nucleotide in a DNA sequence belongs to only one triplet
73
Which of these E. coli enzymes removes the RNA fragments on lagging strain?
DNA I polymerase
74
Dysfunction of particular enzyme involved in replication in mice is associated with the
fusion of the ends of chromosomes and an increased number of aneuploidy. The
enzyme is:
Gyrase?
75
The specified nucleotide sequence 3’ATGCAAGCGATCCTGGATTCACGTTA5’
occurs on one of the strands in the replication fork. If the synthesis of a 8-nucleotide
primer on the leader strand began with a selected nucleotide, its sequence and the
nucleotid with a free 3’OH end is:
5’AGGAUCGC and C
76
The semi-conservative character of replication in prokaryotes was confirmed by
experiment carried out by:
Meselsohn and Stahl
77
The RNA polymerase which appears in the nucleolus is responsible for:
pre-rRNAs synthesis?
78
The first step in formation of transcription initiation complex is binding of:
TFIID factor to TATA box
79
Which of the following processes occurs during posttranscriptional processing of the
3’ end of the pre-mRNA?
Attachment of the poly-A tail
80
… the process of alternative splicing:
…. mRNA molecule can be used in synthesis of different proteins
81
Point the appropriate set of elements that take part in translation:
mRNA, tRNA, amino acids, ribosomes
82
Translation begins when:
Small ribosomal subunit attaches to Shine-Dalgarno sequence on mRNA
in prokaryotes and 5’cap sequence in eukaryotes.
83
Trp operon switched on when:
The level of tryptophan inside the cell is low
84
In catabolite repression of lac operon:
When glucose is present CAP does not bind with DNA and activate RNA
(?) polymerase
85
The leader sequence in trp operon is located between:
Operator sequences and trpE
86
The “zinc finger” structure consist of:
One a-helix, two b-sheets and is present in DNA binding protein
87
Expression of genetic information can be regulated during:
Transcription and translation
88
CDK proteins participate in cell cycle regulation by:
Binding cyclines and phosphorylating the effector proteins
89
Between the meiosis I and meiosis II:
DNA replication does not take place
90
A cell in G1 contains 8 chromosomes. How many bivalents would be present in a cell
in prophase I of meiosis:
8
91
Nonsister chromatids crossing over regions of chromosomes move toward the ends of
the tetrad during:
Diakinesis
92
Spermiogenesis is a process of:
Maturation of sperm cells from spermatids
93
```
Choose correct description of the number of chromosomes (n) and the amount of
genetic material (c) for the secondary spermatocyte:
```
n , 2c
94
The X chromosome inactivation does not include:
Some genes located at the end of p arm
95
In humans development of testicles is stimulated by a product of gene:
SRY occurring in chromosome Y
96
What is the probability of birth of left-handed boy with red-green colour blindness,
when his mother is left-handed (recessive trait) and suffers from red-green colour
blindness, and his father is right-handed (homozygous) and healthy?
0%
97
In humans sex determination:
Occurs about 16 th day of gestation
98
Deletion of short arm of 7 th chromosome in female describes karyotype:
46,XX, 7p-
99
Which of the following chromosomes are present in a karyotype …..:
a. Homologous chromosomes
b. Sex chromosomes
c. Autosomes
100
The karyotype that does not occur in human is:
Nullisomy
101
Analysis of the gene fragment presented below …. Mutation will occur if
Codon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
5’-- ATG CCA CAC TTT AGG AGA CCA –3’
Transition of the 1 st and the 2 nd nucleotide pairs in codon 2 of deletion in
position 2 of codon 6 take place
102
Choose the incorrect criterion of inheritance of autosomal dominan diseases:
Intensity of disease symptoms always depend on sex of parent donating
allele with mutation
103
Problems with walking, balance, frequent jerky movements of arms, feet, neck and
intellectual deterioration are characteristic symptoms of:
Huntington disease
104
Choose INCORRECT description associated with Alzheimer disease:
Accumulation of sphingomyelin
105
Both parents are heterozygotes with Marfan syndrome and have a healthy son,
determine probability of birth of another healthy child:
25%
106
What is the probability of birth of a child suffering from alkaptonuria if healthy
parents have a son with symptoms of the disease?
25%
107
The genetic cause of sickle cell anaemia is:
Transversion, in which triplet GAG is changed to GUG
108
A man is the carrier of phenylketonuria, his wife does not have this disease and is not
a carrier. The probability that their children will suffer from phenylketonuria or will be
carriers of this disorder is:
50% of offspring will be normal; 50% will be carriers
109
Cystic fibrosis, caused by mutation of recessive alleles in chromosome … results in
the impairment of:
The sodium-potassium pump
110
Galactosaemia is the results of:
Deficiency of galactoside hydroxylase
111
The characteristic feature of alkaptonuria is an accumulation of:
Homogentisic acid in cartilages
112
Absence or reduced synthesis of the globin chain, wh…… haemoglobin is found in:
Thalassaemia alpha or beta
113
Xeroderma pigmentosa is an example of a disease caused by:
Impairment of DNA repair system
114
Favism is associated with:
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
115
What is the probability that healthy father and mother who is carrier of haemophilia
will have a haemophilic son?
50%
116
The characteristic clinical feature of Bloch-Sulzberger syndrome is:
Discoloration of skin
117
The deletion of the 5p15,3 is observed in:
Cri du chat syndrome
118
Cleft palate and/or palate and eye defect are typical for:
Patau syndrome
119
Which of these diseased are caused by structural aberration?
Cri du chat syndrome, Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome
120
Point mutation in DMD gene located on X-chromosome cause:
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
121
An individual with the karyotype 48,XXXY is:
a male with klinefelter syndrome
122
The law of independent assortment states that:
Alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation
123
A green round pea plant variety was crossed with yellow wrinkled pea plant variety
and next the F1-hybrid was test-crossed. The following genotypes occurred in the F2
generation:
aaBb, Aabb, aabb, AaBb
124
Polygenes are responsible for:
Human height
125
Choose the correct phenotypic ratio in F2 which is observed for complementary genes:
9:7
126
In some dogs breed the uniform coat (A) dominates spotted, and brown (B) dominates
black. What is the genotype of the male dog crossed with a black spotted bitch, if
obtained puppies are black and brown but all spotted?
aaBb
127
70. Shell colour of the freshwater snail (Phys heterostroha) is determined by two genes.
Product of the dominant allele of one gene converts component I into component II.
The dominant variant of the second gene encodes a functional version of the Enzyme
Y. Brown shells are present in individuals with the following genotypes:
A_B_ only
128
In a cross between plants heterozygous for four different genes, which assort
independently, what fraction of the offspring will be homozygous for all four genes?
1/16
129
The diversity of antibody’s variable fragments is achieved by:
Somatic recombination in which random selection of V, D, J and C
fragments of antibody gene gives unique mRNA coding for light and
heavy chains.
130
Genetic drift occurs because of:
Accumulation of allele frequency fluctuations in certain population
131
….-Weinberg equilibrium can be assumed to exist when:
Reccurent mutations maintain the alleles in population, mating is random
and population is large enough.
132
Elongation time in PCR is:
Chosen to obtain desired length of the replicated DNA fragment
133
Gel electrophoresis can be used to fractionate:
DNA fragments differing by molecular weight
134
To amplifiy a single gene fragment the following number of primer type is used in
PCR:
One
135
The disadvantage of bacteria as organisms used to produce eukaryote …. Proteins is:
Not proper phosphorylation and glycosylation of these proteins
136
Asymmetric cutting of DNA by restriction enzyme is:
Cutting of 5’ and 3’ strands in different number of restriction sites
137
Bt corn is a transgenic plant:
Possessing the gene coding for bacillus thuringiensis tox….
