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Biology:Bacteria and Viruses > Test > Flashcards

Test Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three domains of life

A

Archaea, bacteria, and eukarya

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2
Q

Where are acrchaea bacteria found

A

volcanic vents, acidic hot springs, and salty water

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3
Q

What are eubacteria

A

the group that most bacteria are in

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4
Q

What is the bacterial structure

A

prokaryotic, no nucleus or membrane bound organelles, ribosomes, single circular chromosome in nucleoid region

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5
Q

What is the cell wall made of in bacteria

A

peptidoglycan

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6
Q

What is the sticky coating called on a bacteria

A

capsule

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7
Q

What are small rings of DNA called in bacteria

A

plasmids

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8
Q

What are mesosomes

A

Infoldings of a cell membrane that carry on photosynthesis and cellular respiration

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9
Q

What can bacteria be used for

A

decomposing, degrading oil, cleanin up oil spills, making yogurt, cheese, and buttermilk

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10
Q

What are flagella attatched to the cell with

A

basal body

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11
Q

What protein is a flagellum made from

A

flagellin

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12
Q

one flagella

A

monotrichous

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13
Q

flagella-tuft at one end

A

lophotrichous

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14
Q

flagella- tuft at both ends

A

amphitrichous

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15
Q

flagella all around the bacteria

A

peritrichous

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16
Q

what are pili used for

A

conjugation

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17
Q

bacillus

A

rod shaped

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18
Q

coccus

A

round

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19
Q

vibrio

A

comma shaped with flagella

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20
Q

spirillum

A

spiral shape

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21
Q

spirochete

A

worm like spiral shape

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22
Q

diplo

A

groupings of two

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23
Q

strepto

A

chains

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24
Q

staphlyo

A

grapelike clusters

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25
Q

Archaebacteria

A

lack peptidoglycan, have different lipids, different ribosomes, defferent gene sequences, live in harsh environments, don’t require oxygen

26
Q

What groups are archaebacteria divided into

A

methanogens, thermoacidophiles, extreme halophites

27
Q

What color are halophites

A

purple

28
Q

methanogens

A

anaerobic, live in swamps, sewage treatment plants, and in the digestive tracts of animals

29
Q

What are the three basic shapes of eubacteria

A

bacillus, coccus, and spirilla

30
Q

How are eubacteria identified

A

Gram staining

31
Q

What is the order of staining in Gram staining

A

Crystal Violet, Iodine, Ethenal and safranin

32
Q

What color is Gram positive

A

purple

33
Q

what color is Gram negative

A

reddish pink

34
Q

Gram positive

A

thick layer of peptidoglycan and can be treated with antibiotics

35
Q

Gram negative

A

thin layer of peptidoglycan, hard to treat with antibiotics, some fix nitrogen

36
Q

Gram negative diseases

A

Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain /spotted Fever

37
Q

Cyanobacteria (blue green)

A

gram negative, contain phycocyain and chlorophyll

38
Q

Spirochetes

A

gram positive, flagella at each end, corkscrew, aerobic and anaerobic, parasitic or symbiotic

39
Q

Enteric

A

gram negative, E.Coli and Salmonella

40
Q

Chemoautotrophs

A

gram negative, found in freshwater ponds

41
Q

Saprobes

A

feed on dead decaying materials

42
Q

How long does binary fission take

A

20 min

43
Q

Are viruses living

A

no

44
Q

What are viruses made of

A

nucleic acid and protien

45
Q

What is the protein coat around a virus called

A

capsid

46
Q

How can viruses reproduce

A

inside a host cell

47
Q

What are the individual subunits of a capsid called

A

capsomere

48
Q

What can some viruses cause

A

smallpox, measles, flu, AIDS,cancer

49
Q

What are vectors

A

things that transmit disease

50
Q

What do the family names of viruses end with

A

viridae

51
Q

What do the genus names of viruses end with

A

virus

52
Q

what are subspecies designated by

A

numbers

53
Q

What are viruses that attack bacteris

A

bacteriopaphages

54
Q

What is different about retroviruses

A

they work backwards

55
Q

What are some examples of retroviruses

A

HIV, AIDS, and feline leukemia

56
Q

What are viroids

A

RNA molecules without a protein coat

57
Q

What are prions

A

infectious proteins

58
Q

What is an example of a prion disease

A

mad cow disease

59
Q

What are the 5 steps of the Lytic Cycle

A

Attatchment, Penetration, Biosynthesis, Maturation, and Release

60
Q

What is viral latency

A

viruses that have the ability to become dormant inside the cell

Biology:Bacteria and Viruses (1 decks)

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