test 3 Flashcards

Question

degenerative disease of motor nuerons

Answer 1

ther- antiparkinson pharm- dopamine precursor; dopamine-enhancing drug combination action- Restores neuromuscular dopamine in extrapyramidal areas of the brain, relieving some Parkinson's symptoms such as tremor, bradykinesia, and muscle rigidity, combined with drugs to prevent enzymatic breakdown. adverse- Uncontrolled and purposeless movements, loss of appetite, nausea, orthostatic hypotension. Psychosis develops in 20% patients taking levodopa considerations- discontinue gradually; liver function test may be elevated encourage increase in fiber and fluids

Answer 2

ther-Antiparkinsonian drug pharm- Centrally acting cholinergic receptor blocker action- Blocks excessive cholinergic stimulation of neurons. Used for relief of Parkinson like symptoms adverse-dry mouth, constipation, tachycardia avoid alcohol

Answer 3

ther- Alzheimer disease drug pharm- Cholinesterase inhibitor action- AChE inhibitor improves memory by enhancing acetylcholine in neurons adverse-Vomiting, diarrhea, dark urine, CNS side effects such as depression, headache, musculoskeletal such as cramps, arthritis overdose- anticholinergic like atropine

Answer 4

approved for treatment of moderate to severe alzheimer's -reduces abnormally high levels of glutamine

Answer 5

interferon beta glatiramer

Answer 6

RICE, pain management, surgery, PT, message

Answer 7

ther- Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant pharm- Catecholamine reuptake inhibitor action- Relieves muscle spasms by depressing motor activity primarily in brainstem. This drug also increases circulating levels of norepinephrine, blocking presynaptic uptake. adverse- Drowsiness, blurred vision, dry mouth, rash. tachycardia nursing considerations- Only meant for 2-3 weeks no alcohol skeletal muscle relaxant

Answer 8

has -toxin at end direct acting antispasmodic

Answer 9

ther- skeletal muscle relaxant pharm- direct acting antispasmodic, calcium release blocker Often used for spasticity action- It directly relaxes muscle spasms by interfering with the release of calcium ions from storage areas inside skeletal muscle cells adverse- Muscle weakness, drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, diarrhea, tachycardia Black box- hepatitis and death due to liver failure

Answer 10

used to relax muscles during surgical procedures- Diaphragm is paralyzed, need to vent or ambu bag patients still feel pain, they need to be sedated as well

Answer 11

sharp, localized sensation

Answer 12

dull, throbbing, aching

Answer 13

nociceptor stimulation

Answer 14

in our body naturally; interrupts pain ex- endorphins, dynorphins, enkephalins

Answer 15

opioid agonist drugs

Answer 16

opioid antagonist

Answer 17

analgesia, decreased GI motility, resp depression, sedation, physical dependance

Answer 18

analgesia, decreased GI motility, sedation

Answer 19

ther- opioid analgesic pharm- opioid analgesic receptor action- Morphine binds with mu and kappa receptor sites to produce profound analgesia. It causes euphoria, constriction of the pupils, and stimulation of cardiac muscle. Used for symptomatic relief of serious and acute chronic pain causes peripheral vasodilation adverse- Orthostatic hypotension, hallucinations, nausea, dizziness, itching. OD may result in resp depression or cardiac arrest. Black box- when given epidural, 24 hour watch schedule II drug monitor o2 stat and respirations monitor liver and kidney functions OD treatment- naloxone

Answer 20

ther-Drug for treatment of acute opioid od and misuse pharm- Opioid receptor antagonist action- Pure opioid antagonist, blocking both mu and kappa receptors. Used for complete or partial reversal of opioid effects in emergency situations when acute opioid overdose is suspected adverse- not many, relates to withdrawal of opioids like increased BP, temor, hyperventilation admin for a resp rate lower than 10 breaths/min

Answer 21

no cure but avoids withdrawal- methadone drug

Answer 22

nonopioid analgesic -used for fever, inflammation and analgesia

Answer 23

ther-Nonopioid analgesic; non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID); antipyretic pharm- Salicylate; cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor action- Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis involved in the processes of pain and inflammation and produces mild to moderate relief of fever. Also causing vasodilation, significant anticoagulant ability platelet inhibition caused by this is irreversible adverse- Gastric discomfort and bleeding; salicylism may occur

Answer 24

ergot alkaloids

Answer 25

ther- antimigraine drug pharm- Triptan, 5-HT (serotonin) receptor drug, vasoconstrictor of intracranial arteries action- Causes vasoconstriction of cranial arteries. Moderately selective and doesn’t usually affect all of blood pressure adverse- Dizziness, drowsiness, warming sensation May produce cardiac ischemia (due to vasoconstriction), or HTN

Answer 26

GI upset, tachycardia, angina like pain, numbness/tingling in fingers and toes

Answer 27

inflammation

Answer 28

redness, warmth (vasodilation) swelling(vascular permeability) pus (cellular infiltration) clots (thrombosis) pain (stimulation of nerve endings)

Answer 29

responsible for symptoms of anaphylaxis produces vasodilation- capillaries become leaky and tissue swells h1 receptors found in vascular smooth muscle, in bronchi, and on sensory nerves

Answer 30

ther-Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic pharm- NSAID Action- For treatment of mild to moderate pain, fever and inflammation. Its actions are primary due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis adverse- Nausea, heartburn, epigastric pain, dizziness. Rare- peripheral edema, anaphylaxis, aplastic anemia, GI ulcer. Black box- may cause increase risk of thrombotic event best with food to prevent stomach pain MONITOR hydration (kidneys), cardio events, GI bleeds

Answer 31

present in all tissues - reduces gastric acid secretion, promotes renal blood flow, promotes platelet aggression inhibiting this can cause bleeding, GI upset, reduced renal function

Answer 32

formed only after tissue injury - promotes inflammation, sensitizes pain receptors, mediated fever in brain inhibiting this results in suppression of inflammation

Answer 33

tinnitus, dizziness, headache, excessive perspiration

Answer 34

ther-Anti-inflammatory pharm- corticosteroids action-Synthetic corticosteroid. When used for inflammation, only used for 4-10 days adverse- Long term- Cushing's disease gradually stop-I f you don’t gradually stop, adrenals become atrophy, we need to wake them up slightly

Answer 35

ther-Antipyretic and analgesic pharm-Centrally acting COX inhibitor action- Reduces fever by direct action at the level of the hypothalamus and dilation of peripheral blood vessels. Has no anti-inflammatory properties - enables sweating adverse-Uncommon. high, long uses can cause acetaminophen poisoning like vomiting, dizziness, abdominal pain. Black box- can cause fatal liver injury

Answer 36

gives ability to sedate or relax a patient

Answer 37

ability to induce sleep

Answer 38

calming effect at lower doses; sleep at higher doses

Answer 39

calming effect at lower doses; sleep at higher doses

Answer 40

sleep study; seizure study

Answer 41

ther- Antidepressant; anxiolytic pharm- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSR) action- SSRI that increases the availability of serotonin at specific post-synaptic receptor sites located within the CNS. Selective inhibition of serotonin uptake results in antidepressive activity without symptoms of sympathomimetic or anticholinergic activity -Keeps serotonin recirculating, instead of reuptake adverse- Dizziness, nausea, insomnia, weight gain, confusion, seizures, sexual dysfunction Black Box- antidepressants increase risk of suicidal ideation Typically first line drug, tends to be safest Watch for weight gain, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome, suicidal idea, steven Johnson's syndrome (painful rash)

Answer 42

serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors second line-Not as safe as SSRI- acting on 2 neurotransmitters now adverse- abnormal dreams, sweating, constipation, dry mouth, weight loss, loss of appetite, tremor, N/V. abnormal vision, loss of sexual desire, dizziness

Answer 43

ther- Antidepressant; treatment for nocturnal enuresis in children pharm-TCA- tricyclic antidepressant Blocks the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine into nerve terminals. It is used mainly for major depression, and sometimes used for treatment of nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting) in children dont use with cardio issues; dont discontinue disruptly side effects- drowsiness, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, constipation, weight gain, urine retention, mydriasis, dysrhythmias, blurred vision Black box- may increase risk for suicidal thinking

Answer 44

ther-antidepressant pharm-Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO) action-Produces its effects by irreversible inhibition of MAO; therefore, it intensifies the effects of norepinephrine in adrenergic synapses. It is used to manage symptoms of depression that are not responsive to safer meds adverse- Dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, insomnia, nausea, loss of appetite. May increase HR and neural activity- leading to delirium, mania, convulsions. Black box- increase risk of suicidal thinking Abrupt stop could cause rebound HTN avoid foods with tyramine

Answer 45

ther-Sedative-hypnotic; anxiolytic; anesthetic adjunct pharm-Benzodiazepine; GABA receptor agonist action-Benzodiazepine that acts by potentiating the effects of GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in the thalamic, hypothalamic, and limbic levels of the CNS. Also used as a preanesthetic medication to provide sedation and for management of status epilectus. Unlabeled uses include the treatment of chemo induced nausea/vomiting adverse-Drowsiness and sedation is most common. IV route may cause amnesia, weakness, disorientation, ataxia, sleep disturbance BP changes, vision changes Monitor respirations every 5-15 mins

Answer 46

barbiturates action- binds with GABA receptor chloride channel molecules; inhibits brain impulses used as sedative, hypnotic, and anti-seizure effects adverse-tolerance, resp depression, dependance rarely used for anxiety and insomnia!

Answer 47

ther-Sedative hypnotic pharm-Nonbenzodiazepine GABA receptor agonist, Nonbarbiturate CNS depressant action-Acts in a similar fashion to facilitate GABA mediated CNS depression in the limbic, thalamic and hypothalamic regions. It preserves stage 3 of sleep and has only minor effects on REM sleep. For short term insomnia management adverse-Daytime sedation, confusion, amnesia, dizziness, depression w suicidal thoughts, nausea, vomiting, hallucinations, sleep walking (and eating while doing), sensory distortion Black box- schedule IV controlled substance that can lead to abuse and dependency monitor for CNS depression

Answer 48

5 symptoms ongoing for 2 weeks

Answer 49

mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder affects sodium transport across cell membranes adverse- sodium loss Take lithium all the time, do blood checks of levels and check sodium

Answer 50

ther-Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder drug pharm- CNS stimulant action-Activates the reticular activating system, causing heightened alertness in various regions of brain, particularly those centers associated with focus and attention. Activation is partially achieved by release of neurotransmitters adverse-Irregular heartbeat, HTN, liver toxicity, loss of appetite Black box- schedule II, high abuse potential drug holidays are recommended Amphetamine- will show up in drug test.

Answer 51

avocado cheese salami yogurt bananas