test 3

Question 1

Civil commitment

Answer 1

must be a danger to yourself or others

Question 2

2 types of forensic evaluations done in civil court

Answer 2

Competency to Stand Trial, custody hearing

Question 3

2 ways that civil commitment
differs from criminal commitment

Answer 3

Civil is not a set time. Civil is not punishment. Crim is punitive. Civil is for help

Question 4

What are Sexually Violent
Predator (SVP) laws

Answer 4

When sex offenders are civilly committed to keep them away from society

Question 5

What are the 2 main questions that psychologists need to assess when conducting evaluations for
personal injury lawsuits

Answer 5

Presence of damage and cause of damage

Question 6

Name the 4 main goals of punishment

Answer 6

Retribution, rehabilitation, Deterrence, and Incapacitation

Question 7

Name 2 alternatives to traditional sentencing of offenders

Answer 7

Public shaming, drug and alc court

Question 8

Provide 2 pieces of information about incarceration rates in the United States today

Answer 8

highest number for a 1st world country. Disproportional for minorities

Question 9

What are 2 pieces of evidence to suggest that prison is not a general deterrent to crime?

Answer 9

Us has high homicide and violent crime rates compared to other Western nations

Compare states with 3 strike laws to states without them

Question 10

2 ways that sentencing for sex offenders differs from sentencing for other types of offenders

Answer 10

mandatory rehab, register as sex offender, longer sentencing

Question 11

How do death penalty trials differ
from regular criminal trials

Answer 11

Jury must decide whether to impose the death penalty.

Question 12

an aggravating factor and
an example of a mitigating factor in a death penalty trial

Answer 12

Aggravating factor: rape, torture makes them look worse. Mitigating factor: pillar of community, mental illness

Question 13

that the death penalty is not a deterrent for murder

Answer 13

Following public murders/executions, a small but significant increase in murder, violent crime, and After states have reinstitute death penalty, rates same or higher

Question 14

What is required in order to become “death qualified” as a juror

Answer 14

Can’t be against the death penalty

Question 15

What did the Supreme Court decide in the case Roper v. Simmons

Answer 15

Supreme court ruled juvenile death penalty cruel and unusual, banned it

Question 16

2 sources of bias in death penalty cases

Answer 16

Largest source of bias: race of defendant and victim, Inconsistent application violates “equal protection” clauses of Constitution

Question 17

What is the significance of the Supreme Court case Gregg v. Georgia (1976)?

Answer 17

brought back the death penalty 2 pronged, Only certain crimes eligible: murder, treason, and espionage

Question 18

Name 2 ineffective rehabilitation
programs for juveniles

Answer 18

Scared straight, boot camp, wilderness camps. They Don’t target risk factors for delinquency
Kids are grouped with other delinquent kids

Question 19

Describe an effective treatment
program for delinquent youth

Answer 19

Multi-systemic therapy (MST)
Are intensive and long-term (1+ years)
Target multiple contexts of child’s life

Question 20

How do rehabilitation programs for adults differ from programs for juveniles

Answer 20

Institutional based programs are more common
High rates of mental illness in jail/prisons

Question 21

Name 2 community-based rehabilitation programs for adult offenders

Answer 21

Probation, Drug courts

Question 22

List 3 areas of effectiveness for community-based juvenile rehabilitation programs

Answer 22

Multi-systemic therapy (MST)
Oregon treatment foster care (OTFC)
Functional Family Therapy

Question 23

What is the difference between peremptory challenges and challenges for cause

Answer 23

Peremptory challenges limited amount set by a judge can eliminate anyone for any reason besides discrimination. Challenges for cause unlimited to get rid of bias

Question 24

similarity-leniency hypothesis
of jury decision-making

Answer 24

Similarity-leniency hypothesis if weak evidence if similar to defendant will be less harsh to
2 observable characteristics: race and gender

Question 25

Name 1 personality attribute that impacts juror decisions

Answer 25

Authortanism is going to vote more punitive. Locus of control. External believes in luck. Internal doesn’t going to vote guilty

Question 26

Name 2 things that jurors are not good at doing during a trial

Answer 26

forgetting misheard information and judges instructions

Question 27

2 observable characteristics of potential jurors that may impact their decisions

Answer 27

Gender and Race

Question 28

Name an extralegal factor that can influence jury decisions

Answer 28

gender, race, prior convictions

Question 29

What does the M’Naghten test for insanity require

Answer 29

Don’t know the nature or appreciate your behavior

Question 30

The insanity defense is an affirmative defense. What does that mean

Answer 30

Burden of proof to defense

Question 31

What is the test for competency to stand trial

Answer 31

Dusky Standard. Does it impair his ability to participate in the criminal justice system

Question 32

What happens to a defendant who is found Incompetent to Stand Trial

Answer 32

Trial stops and has to get competent to resume again

Question 33

Describe 1 myth about the insanity defense and explain why it is wrong

Answer 33

Happens all the time

Question 34

Name 2 differences between competency to stand trial and insanity

Answer 34

Mental state CTST at court insanity time of crime. CTST can be brought up by anyone, an insanity burden of proof on defense

Question 35

Describe the conflict of “equality vs. discretion”

Answer 35

Equality: all people who commit the same crime should have the same consequences. “All people are created equal” Discretion: using judgements about the circumstances of the crime to determine how the system should respond.

Question 36

What would a psychologist functioning as policy evaluator be likely to do in the legal system?

Answer 36

sex offender notification

Question 37

Balancing a sex offender’s right to freedom with society’s right to safety is an example of which conflict in the legal system?

Answer 37

Individual Rights vs The Common Good

Question 38

There are 2 views on the purposes of a trial. Name one of them.

Answer 38

find out the truth, get justice

Question 39

These people are hired by the Court or attorneys on a case to evaluate a defendant and provide their results to the Court

Answer 39

Forensic evaluators

Question 40

Name 2 ways that a person can be arrested by the police.

Question 41

What is the role of a grand jury

Answer 41

decides whether probable cause exists for each charge

Question 42

What happens at an arraignment

Answer 42

first appearance at court. Set bail, read charges and plea

Question 43

How is a civil trial different from a criminal trial

Answer 43

Plaintiff vs. Defendant Case brought by injured party Seek monetary damages for wrongdoing Burden of proof Preponderance of the evidence Verdict: rule in favor of a party Award $$$

Question 44

Which side goes first during a trial, and why

Answer 44

Prosecution because they have the burden of truth

Question 45

Name 1 brain area thought to be related to criminal behavior

Answer 45

Frontal lobe/prefrontal cortex

Question 46

Describe the Control Theory of criminal behavior

Answer 46

we are born with a criminal predisposition, must learn to control impulses

Question 47

What do studies examining the genetic contribution to crime typically find

Answer 47

If predisposed to crime with a criminal family leads to crime

Question 48

Name 1 psychological risk factor for criminal behavior

Answer 48

Cognitive theories: focus on perception of events and info processing Antisocial attitudes: thoughts, feelings, and beliefs supportive of crime

Question 49

How might the Hostile Attribution Bias lead to crime

Answer 49

viewing neutral people as hostile

Question 50

What are the 3 stages of memory

Answer 50

Encoding, storage, and retrieval

Question 51

Name 2 factors that influence the encoding of criminal events and may impact one’s memory for them

Answer 51

weapon focus, how traumatic it was, cross race, lighting, drugs/alc

Question 52

What is the difference between a sequential and a simultaneous lineup? Which is more accurate

Answer 52

Simultaneous see them all at once more false positives. Sequential see one at a time.

Question 53

Name 3 recommendations by psychologists to police to help promote accurate eyewitness identifications of suspects

Answer 53

Don’t provide feedback, sequential lineup, tell them the suspect might not be here

Question 54

According to the Innocence Project, what is the #1 cause of wrongful convictions in the US

Answer 54

Eyewitness testimony

Question 55

What are 2 reasons that juveniles are more likely to falsely confess than adults

Answer 55

trust adults, and do not understand the consequences

Question 56

What are the 2 types of lie detector tests? Which is more accurate

Answer 56

Control Question test (CQT) Guilty Knowledge Test GKT more accurate

Question 57

If we want to distinguish a liar from a truth-teller, what cue(s) should we focus on

Answer 57

diagnostic cues Verbal (non-verbal) cues: the story itself Truthful stories are more detailed, more likely to be missing pieces (I can’t remember)

Question 58

Are polygraph results admitted into US criminal courts? Why or why not

Answer 58

No because they are inaccurate.

Question 59

3 types of false confessions

Answer 59

Voluntary false confessions: people who come forward and confess Compliant false confessions: Confessing to escape or avoid excessive/lengthy interrogations Internalized false confession: after prolonged interrogation, some suspects come to believe that they committed the crime