Test 3 Flashcards
What are advantages and disadvantages to the prescriptive approach?
• Advantages: o Assumes management can fix things easily o Assumes can control o Assumes one culture, no subcultures • Disadvantages: o Assumes that members don’t create their own culture o Assumes all cultures are the same o Oversimplifies organizational life
What are differences between the descriptive approach and the prescriptive approach?
- Descriptive – an organization is culture, want to understand what is going on
- Prescriptive – culture is something an organization has, it can be controlled
What are underlying assumptions of the descriptive approach?
- Cultures are complicated
- Cultures are emergent
- Cultures aren’t unitary or unified
- Culture is often ambiguous
Understand Schein’s model of culture—what’s in each level and how to observe each level.
- Artifacts and creations
- Values
- Basic assumptions
What is conflict?
• The interaction of interdependent people who perceive opposition of goals, aims, and values, and who see the other party as potentially interfering with the realization of these goals.
What are conflict styles?
• Avoidance – don’t address issues, show little concern for self or others
o Ex: when it’s not worth it
• Accommodating – high concern for other, low concern for self
o Ex: Doing it because of the relationship
• Competition – Argue with the other person and try to get your way. Privileges the self and low concern for others
o I need to win, relationship is important so its worth it
• Compromise – no one is privileged, both tend to lose
• Collaboration – both win, most productive and time consuming. Try to think of a solution that benefits both parties
What are some problems with conflict styles?
- Looked at one particular instance and only standpoint from one person
- Time might be important, relevance of issue, consequences of issue
- Model privileges verbal communication, but many times in conflict we rely on nonverbal messages
How are managers often called to be 3rd parties in conflicts (i.e., mediators/arbitrators)?
- Mediator – doesn’t make decision but helps
* Arbitrator – listens to both sides, but one is right
What does it mean to go below the line?
- Positions – what we want
- Interests – why we want them
- FOCUS ON INTERESTS, NOT POSITIONS
What are the four steps of Principled Negotiation?
- Separate people from the problem
- Focus on shared interest
- Generate creative options
- Use objective criteria
What types of goals do people have in a conflict?
- Topic – the substance of the disagreement
- Relationships – how do we relate to each other
- Identity – face-saving (don’t want to look bad)
- Process – how do we argue (public or private)
Know the difference between rationality, bounded rationality, and bounded emotionality.
- Rationality – think optimizing
- Bounded rationality – satisficing/analogizing
- Bounded emotionally – within organizational research
What is emotional labor?
• Have to be friendly, fake towards customer
Know the difference between surface acting and deep acting
- Surface acting – displaying the required emotions even if you don’t feel them (faking it)
- Deep acting – working to make yourself feel a required emotion (don’t feel it, but convince yourself that you do)
Other than emotional labor, how can emotion be part of the workplace (emotional work, emotion with work, emotion at work)?
- Emotional work – hospice, real towards customer
- Emotion with work – I hate my boss, supervisors, task, etc.
- Emotion at work – my roommate is sick, happens outside but is expressed at work