Test 3

Question 1

target wt to achieve certain % body fat:

Answer 1

Step 1: wt of fat = total BW x % current body fat

Step 2: fat-free wt = total BW - wt of current fat

Step 3: target wt = current fat-free wt / (100 - desired % body fat) x 100

Question 2

°C =

Answer 2

5 / 9 (°F - 32)

Question 3

°F =

Answer 3

(9 / 5 x °C) +32

Question 4

REE adj. for fever =

Answer 4

(current temp – 98.6°F) x 7

for every °F above normal body temp., energy needs ↑ by 7%

Question 5

stystole pressure

Answer 5

1st contraction of heart–is peak pressure in arteries occurring near end of cardiac cycle when ventricles are contracting–is 1st part of heartbeat

Question 6

diastole pressure

Answer 6

2nd contraction of heart–is min pressure in arteries occurring near beg. of next cardiac cycle when ventricles are filled w/ blood–is 2nd part of heartbeat

Question 7

normal BP (adult) =

Answer 7

120 / 80

Question 8

hypotension (adult) =

Answer 8

<95 / <60

Question 9

high-normal / pre-HTN (adult) =

Answer 9

120-139 / 85-89

Question 10

Stage 1 HTN (adult) =

Answer 10

140-159 (s) OR 90-99 (d)

Question 11

Stage 2 HTN (adult) =

Answer 11

160-179 (s) OR 100-109 (d)

Question 12

Stage 3 HTN – severe (adult) =

Answer 12

180-209 (s) OR 110-119 (d)

Question 13

Stage 4 HTN – very severe (adult) =

Answer 13

> 210 (s) OR >120 (d)

Question 14

pre-HTN

Answer 14

systolic & / or diastolic pressure for sex, age, & ht ≥90th %ile but <95th %ile

adolescents w/ ≥120 / 80 have pre-HTN

Question 15

normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) blood glucose when fasting (adult) =

Answer 15

70-115 mg / dL

Question 16

normal HgbA1C value (adult) =

Answer 16

4-8%

Question 17

normal triglyceride when fasting (adult) =

Answer 17

40-150 mg / dL

Question 18

desirable total cholesterol (adult) =

Answer 18

<200 mg / dL

Question 19

LDL =

Answer 19

total cholesterol - [HDL + (TG / 5)]

Question 19

optimal LDL cholesterol (adult) =

Answer 19

<100 mg / dL

Question 20

desirable (↑) HDL cholesterol (adult) =

Answer 20

male: >40 mg / dL
female: >60 mg / dL

Question 21

ideal HDL : cholesterol

Answer 21

1 : 3

Question 22

low CHD risk c-reactive protein (adult)

Answer 22

<1 mg / L

Question 23

criteria for met. syndrome

Answer 23

need 3 of 5:

• central obesity | waist circ. male: >42” & female: >35”
• ↑ triglycerides: ≥150 mg / dL
• ↓ HDL (male: 100 mg / dL)
• ↑ BP (≥ 130 / 85)
• insulin resistance

Question 24

normal protein level in blood (adult) =

Answer 24

6-8.9 g / dL

Question 25

normal albumin level in blood (adult) =

Answer 25

3.5-5 g / dL

Question 26

normal pre-albumin (PAB) level in blood (adult) =

Answer 26

19-43 mg / dL

Question 27

normal transferrin level in blood (adult) =

Answer 27

200-400 μg / dL

Question 28

normal ferritin level in blood (adult) =

Answer 28

male: 12-300 ng / mL female: 10-150 ng / mL

Question 29

normal c-reactive protein (CRP) level in blood (adult) =

Answer 29

<.8 mg / dL

Question 30

total lymphocyte count (TLC) =

Answer 30

(WBC x % lymph) / 100

Question 31

normal total lymphocyte count (TLC) level in blood (adult) =

Answer 31

2,000-3,500 cells / mm^3

Question 32

hypoxia

Answer 32

inadequate O tension at cellular level--common in obese pts. - tachycardia (pulse >100 bpm) - HTN - peripheral vasoconstriction - dizziness - mental confusion - obesity

Question 33

normal WBC count (2 yo-adult) =

Answer 33

>5,000-10,000 / mm^3 (= 5-10 / m^3)

Question 34

lymphocyte concentration in WBCs =

Answer 34

20-40%

Question 35

lymphocyte

Answer 35

WBC that fights chronic bacterial infections & acute viral infections--types: T-cells & B-cells

Question 36

T-cell

Answer 36

lymphocyte--involved in cellular-type immune rxn--stimulate B-cell response--ex: fungal & viral infections & transplant rejections

Question 37

B-cell

Answer 37

lymphocyte--participates in anti-body production / humoral immunity--synthesizes & releases anti-bodies / immunoglobulins→anti-body binds to antigen & inactivates it

Question 38

erythropoietin

Answer 38

hormone produced in kidney--stimulates production of RBCs in bone marrow--is secreted in response to hypoxia (↓ blood O)

Question 39

hemoglobin

Answer 39

protein w/in RBC--carries O to cells & transports CO2 from cells to lungs for release--makes up ~1/3 of each RBC ``` hema = blood globin = protein ```

Question 40

normal RBC level =

Answer 40

4.15-4.90 x 10^6 / mm^3

Question 41

anemia

Answer 41

condition that results when RBCs have ↓ed by 10%

Question 42

protoporphyrin

Answer 42

RBC & precursor of heme--accumulates in RBCs when amt. of heme that can be produced is limited b/c ↓ level of Fe--is ↑ed in Fe def. & lead poisoning

Question 43

normal protoporhyrin level =

Answer 43

.622 ± .27 μmol / L (of RBCs)

Question 44

hemoglobin (Hgb)

Answer 44

main component of RBCs--is most common direct measure of Fe status

Question 45

normal Hgb level (adult) =

Answer 45

male: 14-18 g / dL female: 12-16 g / dL

Question 46

hematocrit (Hct)

Answer 46

measure of % of RBCs in total blood volume

Question 47

normal Hct level =

Answer 47

male: 39-49% female: 33-43%

Question 48

transferrin

Answer 48

binds to Fe in plasma & transports it to bone marrow for production of Hgb

Question 49

ferritin

Answer 49

storage of remaining Fe (after that bound to transferrin) in liver for future use

Question 50

hemosiderin

Answer 50

storage of remaining Fe (after that bound to transferrin) in tissues for future use

Question 51

serum Fe

Answer 51

Fe bound to transferrin for transport throughout body

Question 52

total iron binding capacity (TIBC)

Answer 52

indirect measure of transferrin--when unavailable, transferrin is directly measured & used

Question 53

normal folate level =

Answer 53

5-20 μg / mL used to evaluate hemolytic disorders & detect megaloblastic anemia--↑ed levels in those w/ pernicious anemia

Question 54

normal homocysteine (Hcy) level =

Answer 54

7-22 μmol / L

Question 55

normal serum Vit. B12 level =

Answer 55

160-950 pg / mL

Question 56

normal ferritin level =

Answer 56

male: 12-300 ng / mL female: 10-150 ng / mL

Question 57

normal serum Fe level =

Answer 57

male: 80-180 μg / dL female: 60-190 μg / dL

Question 58

normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) level =

Answer 58

80-95 μm^3

Question 59

hemolytic anemia

Answer 59

result of rapid premature destruction of RBCs in circulation--may be due to def. of Vit. E or excess of Vit. E

Question 60

normocytic, normochromic anemia

Answer 60

normal size & normal color--due to Fe def., chronic illness, acute blood loss, aplastic anemia, & acquired hemolytic anemia

Question 61

microcytic, normochromic anemia

Answer 61

small size & normal color--due to renal disease (loss of erythropoietin)

Question 62

macrocytic, normochromic anemia

Answer 62

large size & normal color--aka megaloblastic / macrocytic anemia--due to ↓ed ability to synthesize new cells & DNA b/c def. of Vit. B12, folate, thiamin, or Vit. B6 (pyridoxine)--hydantoin ingestion & chemotherapy contribute

Question 63

microcytic, hypochromic anemia

Answer 63

small size & pale color--is Fe-def. anemia (most common nut. anemia--affects many dif. groups)--caused by: - ↓ Fe intake or Fe competition w/ another element (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cm) - impaired heme synthesis→inability to absorb, transport, store, or utilize Fe - rapid growth (infants, children, & pregnant women) - pica during pregnancy - Fe loss during menstruation - frequent blood donation - frequent aspirin use→possible GI bleeding - GI disorders that cause GI bleeding

Question 64

Stage 1 of Fe depletion

Answer 64

1st of 3 stages of Fe-def. anemia--Fe stores depleted--NO symptoms indicated by: -↓ serum ferritin level -other tests are w/in normal limit (WNL)

Question 65

Stage 2 of Fe depletion

Answer 65

2nd of 3 stages of Fe-def. anemia--*NO anemia--early or mild Fe. def. (NO symptoms) indicated by: -↓ed ferritin -↓ed transferrin saturation -↑ed RBC protoporphyrin (protein precursor of Hgb) -Hgb may ↓ marginally or stay WNL→*is NOT useful indicator of Stage 1 or Stage 2 Fe depletion

Question 66

Stage 3 of Fe depletion

Answer 66

final stage of Fe-def. anemia--state of maximum Fe depletion (is Fe-def. anemia: Hgb level below normal ref. range for sex & age) indicated by: -↓ed serum ferritin -↓ed transferrin saturation -↓ed Hgb -↓ed MCV -↑ RBC protoporhyrin (protein precursor of Hgb)