Test 3

Question 1

What does TBI stand for?

Answer 1

• traumatic brain injury

Question 2

What does ABI stand for?

Answer 2

• acquired brain injury

Question 3

Explain what occurs with a traumatic brain injury?

Answer 3

• rapid acceleration and deceleration of the brain

Question 4

Give 3 examples of rapid acceleration and deceleration of the brain.

Answer 4

1. Tearing of nerve fibers.
2. Bruising of brain tissue against the skull.
3. Brain stem injuries, and swelling.

Question 5

Explain primary damage in relation to TBI.

Answer 5

• direct outcome of the initial impact

Question 6

Explain secondary damage in relation to TBI.

Answer 6

• may occur with the passage of time

Question 7

What is additional insult to the brain?

Answer 7

• secondary damage

Question 8

What is IDEAs definition of a TBI?

Answer 8

• an acquired injury to the brain caused by an external force
• total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both.
• adversely affects educational performance

Question 9

Does the IDEA’s definition of a TBI include open and closed head injuries?

Answer 9

• YES

Question 10

Does the IDEA’s definition of TBI apply to congenital or degenerative injuries or birth trauma?

Answer 10

• NO

Question 11

Does the IDEA include acquired brain injuries in its definition?

Answer 11

• YES

Question 12

List 5 kinds of non-traumatic brain injuries.

Answer 12

1. strokes
2. infectious diseases
3. anoxic injuries
4. metabolic disorders
5. toxic products

Question 13

List 6 impacts that can occur due to a TBI.

Answer 13

1. information processing
2. social behaviors
3. memory capacities
4. reasoning and thinking
5. speech and language skills
6. sensory and motor abilities

Question 14

How many children and adults currently live with a TBI?

Answer 14

• nearly 5.3 million

Question 15

How many people sustain TBIs each year?

Answer 15

• 1.4 million

Question 16

What percentage of head injuries involve children?

Answer 16

• 40%

Question 17

What percentage of children with TBI experience severe neurological complications?

Answer 17

2 - 5%

Question 18

What percentage of people experience life-long disabilities?

Answer 18

• over 33%

Question 19

What are the three specific peaks of TBI prevalence?

Answer 19

1. Children less than 5 yrs of age.
2. Youth 15 to 24 years of age.
3. Individuals over 70 years of age.

Question 20

How many times more likely are males going to sustain a serious head injury?

Answer 20

1.5 times more likey

Question 21

List 7 characteristics of the brain that can be affected by a TBI.

Answer 21

1. Cognition
2. Speech
3. Language
4. Social and behavioral aspects
5. neuromotor problems
6. vision and hearing may be impaired
7. physical functioning

Question 22

Causation of TBI varies according to what?

Answer 22

• age and developmental status

Question 23

What is rated the as highest incident cause of TBI?

Answer 23

• automobile related accidents

Question 24

Describe what influences the complications and outcomes of a TBI.

Answer 24

• the function of the location and degree of injury

Question 25

List 3 ways the occurrence of TBIs can be reduced.

Answer 25

1. The use of seat-belts and other child-restraint devices. 2. Decrease in driving under the influence of substances. 3. Wearing helmets.

Question 26

Describe what kind of approach to care are medical and psychological services.

Answer 26

- multidisciplinary

Question 27

List 4 types of new medical technologies used to help TBIs.

Answer 27

1. Computed tomography (CT) scans 2. Intracranial pressure monitors 3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 4. Capacity to control bleeding and brain swelling.

Question 28

List 4 natures of head injuries.

Answer 28

1. Concussions 2. Contusions 3. Skull fractures 4. Epidural and Subdural Hemorrhages

Question 29

List 3 stages of medical treatment exists in relation to TBIs.

Answer 29

1. Acute care 2. Rehabilitation 3. Community integration

Question 30

Describe acute care.

Answer 30

- maintaining life, minimizing complications

Question 31

Describe rehabilitation.

Answer 31

- relearn pre-injury skills

Question 32

Describe community integration.

Answer 32

- counseling and therapy

Question 33

List 7 kinds of educational supports and services in regards to TBI.

Answer 33

1. Environmental changes that facilitate daily living. 2. Transition between treatment and other settings. 3. Collaboration. 4. Appropriate teaching activities. 5. educational services 6. short IEPs (6-8 weeks) 7. interdisciplinary transition teams