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Biological Psychology > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

(58 cards)

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0
Q

Genes

A

Groups of nucleotide pairs

behavior or physical trait

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1
Q

Purpose of Sexual Reproduction

A

Genetic Variability

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2
Q

Nucleotide Pair

A

connected by sugar

double helix compound

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3
Q

Chromosome

A

coumpound of all the genes

23 pairs

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4
Q

Nucleus Cell

A

Contain genes chromosomes, and

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5
Q

Gametes

A

Sex Cells
Male 23
Female Ovum 23 chromosomes

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6
Q

Gonads during pregnancy

A

at 6 weeks no internal differences
Week 7 start to differentiate
Week 10 physical differences

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7
Q

Androgenital Syndrome

A

Girl exposed to testoterone at 6th week
ambiguous genitalia (enlarged clitoris and labia)
Genetic

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8
Q

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

A

reduced testoterone at 6th week (boy)
Ambiguous genitalia (look female)
testes can descend through “vaginal opening”
No known cause

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9
Q

Turner Sydrome

A

sperm lost x chromosome
infertile
webbing of neck
cognitively normal

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10
Q

XXX Syndrome

A

early puberty and menopause
irregular menstruation
cognitive impairments
father/mother have XXX chromosome

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11
Q

Klinefelter’s Syndrome

A

Boy with XXY chromosomes
liklihood of infertility
breast development
low muscle definition

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12
Q

XXY Chromosome

A

some cognitive impairment but not major

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13
Q

What triggers sexual development

A 
Hypothalmus changes structure (testoterone/estrogen)
Pituitary Gland (releases growth hormone, androgens, at certain age)
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14
Q

What do sex hormones do?

A

Change how brain is developed

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15
Q

What hemisphere dominates in Males?

A 
Right brain (hollistic processing)
artistic, spacial functions, problem solving (abstract)
bigger brains
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16
Q

What hemisphere dominates in Females?

A

Left brained
Logic and language
analytical problem solving (detail-oriented)
more cross-talk between hemispheres

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17
Q

Causes of Homosexuality?

A

Boy exposed to estrogen after 6-7 weeks
Women exposed to Testoterone after same period
Nature and nurture
Multiple boys (mother’s body can fight the testoterone of the youngest)

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18
Q

What motivates sexual behavior?

A

Sensory experience routed through thalamus (sensory), then hypothalamus (motivational part of brain)

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19
Q

William James

A

first psych writers of memory

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20
Q

Primary Memory

A

short-term

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21
Q

Secondary Memory

A

Long-term

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22
Q

Edward Thorndike

A

Thorndike’s cats

Father of Operant conditioning (learning with consequences)

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23
Q

Atkinson and Shiffrin Stage Model

Study These Flashcards
A

shows that sensory memory, working memory, and long-term memory and how they work together

24
Sensory Memory
high capacity and short duration | about the amount of time it takes to recognize a pattern
25
Working memory (short-term)
short capacity and short amount of time | have to rehearse to encode into long-term
26
Long-term memory
high capacity and long lasting
27
Working Memory Model
``` rehearsal is divided into two types (visio-spacial and phonologica) central executive (cingulate cortex) Visio-spacial scratch pad (right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) Phonological Loop (left lateral prefrontal cortex) ```
28
Depth of Processing Model
what are we trying to remember and how Reptition (shallow processing) is not the best for encoding Linking to something you already know (deep processing) is the best
29
Declarative Memory
things you can say espisodic memory semantic definitions
30
Non-declarative Memory
things you can't say procedural memory (skill) Priming (getting ready for the task)
31
Karl Lashley
first to try to find engram (physical change in brain after learning)
32
Theory of Equipotentiality
Lashley | learning occurs all over cortex
33
Eric Kandel
Looked at Aplysia (sea slug) focused on non-associative learning (startle reflex) focused on habituation dishibituation and sesitization to show changes in nervous system
34
Donal Hebb
Long-term Potentiation (LTP)
35
LTP
``` long term potentiation synapse strengthened through learning memory stored in networks of neurons glutomate released by presynaptic neuron calcium ions flow into postsynaptic with glutomate creats protein kinases compound Nitric oxide is by product and seep back through to presynaptic neuron starts the whole cyle over again ```
36
Bliss and Lomo
firing of the hippocampus changes as a result of learning | fire as precurssor to oncoming stimulus
37
PET (Postiron Emmision Tomograpy)
radioactive tracer where is the brain consuming sugar high spatial and low temporal resolution
38
fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
same as PET except with water | even slower than PET
39
How are memories retrieved?
Frontal Cortex reaches into hippocampus (finding the file) then pieced together through other parts of the brain (occipito/temporal cortex) for different senses This is the Multiple Memory Trace theory
40
Place Cells
active when in a place you've learned (hippocampus)
41
Retrograde Amnesia
bump and swelling can't remember right before accident
42
Anterograde Amnesia
Living in the present (can't encode memory)
43
Transient Global
genetic (doesn't know who they are) | retrieving episodic memories
44
Infantile Amnesia
cant remember early childhood
45
Functional Amnesia
Memory loss for traumatic events | So stressed stop encoding
46
H.M.
Brain lesion patient cut out hippocampus no episodic memory still had skill memory
47
Korsakoff's Syndrome
thymine deficiency and alcoholosm not enough vitamin B Diencenphalic amnesia ( thalamus and hypothalamus damage) Confabulation (make up stories for things that can't remember)
48
Broca's Aphasia
very slow speech
49
Wernicke's Aphasia
inability to comprehend speech
50
Alexia
inability to read | can't reach lexons
51
Agraphia
can't write words | can't access graphines
52
Global Aphasia
damage to parasylvian region (connection of brocas and wernickes areas) comprehension and production issues
53
Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
similar to receptive aphasia but still have word reptition (echolalia)
54
Dyslexia
difficulty attaching phonemes and graphemes genetic dysfunction of planum temprale in Wernicke's area
55
Commissurotomy
surgery to cut corpus collosum (only used to alleviate extreme cases of seizures)
56
Roger Sperry
hemispheres of brain are independent of one another (two seperate brains)
57
Mike Gazzaniga
Hemispheres are complementary systems

Biological Psychology (1 decks)

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