Test 3

Question 1

What are the 2 groups of digestive organs?

Answer 1

Alimentary canal. Accessory digestive

Question 2

6 essential digestive processes

Answer 2

Ingestion, mechanical digestion, propulsion,chemical digestion, absorption, deification

Question 3

Two types of propulsion

Answer 3

Peristalsis, segmentation.

Question 4

Location of organ types

Answer 4

Peritoneal: organs are surrounded by peritoneum.
Retroperitoneal: organs lie posterior to peritoneum

Question 5

Double layer of peritoneum, anchors and holds organs.

Answer 5

Mesentery

Question 6

Histology of the alimentary canal

Answer 6

Mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 7

Types of salivary glands

Answer 7

Extrinsic: parotid, sublingual, submandibular
Intrinsic:

Question 8

Function of mesentery

Answer 8

Provides protection and support also carries and connects important structures to organs such as lymph vessels veins and arteries

Question 9

Function and content of saliva

Answer 9

95-99%water slightly acidic solution containing enzymes and defensine
Cleanses the mouth
Aids in bolus formation
Contains enzymes that begin starch breakdown

Question 10

Where is the start of starch digestion, carbs?

Answer 10

Starch And carb digestion begins in the mouth

Question 11

What is amylase

Answer 11

Enzyme that helps digest carbs produced in pancreas and in salivary glands

Question 12

What are the three stages of gastric secretion

Answer 12

Cepahlic phase- taste or smell, sensation of food in mouth or thought of food is sent to the medulla oblongata
Gastric phase- food has distended the stomach, distention sends signals to medulla to continue HCL secretion
Intestinal phase:

Question 13

What chemicals influence HCL production in the stomach

Answer 13

Acetylcholyine,histamine, and gastrin

Question 14

What is the roll of HCL in digestion?

Answer 14

Break down proteins so its more manageable for pepsin to break down. Also activates pepsin

Question 15

What do parietal and chief cells produce?

Answer 15

Parietal cell releases HCL

Chief cell releases pepsinogen

Question 16

Roll of bicarbonate in stomach

Answer 16

Protects stomach from HCL

Question 17

After the breakdown of fat into smaller particles called micelles, what enzyme further breaks down fat?

Answer 17

lipases (triglyceridases)

Question 18

Know what organs are retroperitoneal and intra-peritoneal

Answer 18

Intra: Esophagus.Stomach.Jejunum. Ileum. Caecum. Appendix. Transverse colon. Sigmoid colon

Retro: Duodenum. Pancreas. Ascending colon. Descending colon
Transverse colon

Question 19

What is the function of the kidney

Answer 19

Removal of toxins, regulation of blood volume, gleuconogenesis activation of vitamin B

Question 20

What is the functional unit of the kidneys

Answer 20

Nephrons

Question 21

What is the body’s normal osmolarity

Answer 21

275- 295 milliosmoles per kg

Question 22

specialized cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus and know their function

Answer 22

Granular cells: sense blood pressure, contains rennin
Macula densa: act as chemoreceptors that sense nacl content
Extraglomerular mesangial: pass signals between granular cells and macula densa

Question 23

GFR and its intrinsic and extrinsic controls.

Answer 23

GFR is the Volume of filtrate formed per minute by the kidneys (120–125 ml/min)
Intrinsic controls (renal autoregulation) • Act locally within the kidney
Extrinsic controls
• Nervous and endocrine mechanisms that maintain blood pressure, but affect kidney function

Question 24

what do the kidneys reabsorb at the proximal and distal convoluted tubules.

Answer 24

Proximal glucose, amino acid

Distal: sodium