Test #3

Question 1

Systolic BP > 140, Diastolic BP >90

Answer 1

Hypertension

Question 2

Decreased blood flow to kidneys, release of renin, renin converted to angiotensin, causes adrenals to secrete aldosterone, causes retention of sodium and release of potassium

Answer 2

CHF Fluid rention - Water follows sodium

Question 3

Fever, flank pain, leukocytosis in urine, dysuria

Answer 3

Pyelonephritis

Question 4

Hematuria, dark urine, edema, hypertension, initial strep infection, proteinuria, hypoproteinemia

Answer 4

glomerulonephritis

Question 5

Increase BUN, uric acid, creatinine, low Ph, abnormal electrolyte levles, chronic anemia

Answer 5

renal failure

Question 6

Low volumes during PFT, lesion on alveoli, internal chest wall, external chest wall, occurs during inspiration, difficult to fully fill lungs with air

Answer 6

Restrictive pulmonary disease

Question 7

ARDS, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary edema, empysema, obesity, pregnancy, scoilosis

Answer 7

Examples of restrictive pulmonary disease

Question 8

Low flow rates during PFT, lesion usually in the airways, problem during exhalation, difficult to exhale all the air in the lungs

Answer 8

Obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 9

COPD, emphysema, bronchitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis

Answer 9

Examples of obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 10

Obstruction is caused by

Answer 10

mucosal edema, bronchospasm, production of thick mucus

Question 11

Result of viral infection, laryngeal spasm - especially in young children, loud, high-pitched inspiratory sounds

Answer 11

Croup

Question 12

Viral infection, epiglottis swells and blocks airflow into lungs - usually in older children, stridor, drooling, medical emergency

Answer 12

Epiglottitis

Question 13

Asthma triggers

Answer 13

Allergens, infections, stress, emotion, noxious fumes, cold air, over-exertion

Question 14

A reversible inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles

Answer 14

Asthma

Question 15

Respiratory distress, tachypnea, SOB, wheezing, dyspnea, cough, cyanosis

Answer 15

Asthma attack

Question 16

Asthma treatment

Answer 16

albuterol, xoponex, bronchodilator, oxygen therapy

Question 17

A carcinogen that causes pneumoconiosis

Answer 17

Asbestos

Question 18

Persistent cough with sputum production for at least 3 months in at least 2 consecutive years

Answer 18

Chronic bronchitis

Question 19

excessive secretion of mucus, hypoxia, poor drainage of mucus

Answer 19

chronic bronchitis

Question 20

Obstructive disease in which alveolar and vascular tissue are destroyed, causing loss of elastic recoil

Answer 20

emphysema

Question 21

CO2 increase, O2 decrease, breath sounds, R-sided heart failure, hypoxia, cyanosis, spirometry has low flow

Answer 21

emphysema

Question 22

Combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis - occurs virtually exclusively in smokers

Answer 22

COPD

Question 23

Pink in color, barrel chest, SOB, emaciated appearnace, minimal sputum

Answer 23

COPD, emphysema dominant - Pink Puffer

Question 24

Severe hypoxia, recurrent pulmonary infections, minimal weight loss

Answer 24

COPD, chronic bronchitis dominant - Blue Bloater

Question 25

Heart failure due to lung disease

Answer 25

Cor Pulmonale

Question 26

Right heart hypertrophy, jugular venous distension (JVD), ankle edema, recurrent pulmonary infections

Answer 26

Cor Pulmonale

Question 27

Environmentally induced intersitial lung disease resulting from inhaling particulate matter

Answer 27

Pneumoconiosis

Question 28

CXR shows intersitial fibrosis, dyspnea on exertion that progresses to dyspnea at rest, hypoxia, lung biopsy shows presence of dust particles

Answer 28

Pneumoconiosis

Question 29

Rapidly progressive dyspnea and SOB, severe hypoxia, dry, non-productive cough, CXR initially lags symptoms by about 24 hours

Answer 29

ARDS

Question 30

Acute inflammation of the lungs in which alveoli become filled with inflammatory fluid

Answer 30

Pneumonia

Question 31

Fever and chills, productive cough and leukocytosis, CXR reveals a diffuse RML density

Answer 31

lobar pneumonia

Question 32

Leakage of fluid from pulmonary capillaries causing the fluid to accumulate in the interstitium and then to spill into the alveoli

Answer 32

Pulmonary Edema

Question 33

Dyspnea and SOB, crackles, patient may cough up thin, pink, frothy fluid

Answer 33

pulmonary edema

Question 34

A chronic, infectious disease that usually starts in the lungs and spreads throughout the body - characterized by necrosis of lung tissue

Answer 34

Tuberculosis

Question 35

Inhaled bacteria initiate a chronic inflammatory respnse, initial, primary lesion is called a "ghon" lesion

Answer 35

Tb

Question 36

No symptoms with initial infection, re-exposed can cause fever, night sweats, weight loss, cachexia, hemoptysis, dyspnea

Answer 36

Tb

Question 37

San Joaquin Valley Fever is also called

Answer 37

Coccidioidomycosis

Question 38

Malignant neoplasia of the lung originating in the bronchi

Answer 38

lung cancer

Question 39

Tumor develops in the large, central airways, most common form of lung cancer seen in smokers

Answer 39

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 40

Tumor arises from glandular cells in the peripheral airways

Answer 40

Adenocarcinoma

Question 41

Tumors spread through the lung, metastasize easily and early, hematogenous route (brain, bone and liver), metastasis may occur before any symptoms develop.

Answer 41

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Question 42

A blood clot or fatty tissue globule breaks free and is carried by the blood to the Right Heart and then gets trapped in the pulmonary arteries

Answer 42

Plumonary Embolism