Test 3 Flashcards

Question

What is disease/ infectious disease/ noninfectious disease

Answer 1

Disease is the absence of health (departure from a typical condition of health Infectious disease is any disease caused by a MICRO organism Noninfectious disease is any disease not caused by a MICRO organism

Answer 2

100C for 15 minutes. Works only for pure water under 1 atmosphere of pressure at exact sea level. Effective against most bacterial cells (killed in 10minutes), but not spores (can resist boiling for ten hours). Can kill viruses but takes longer (HBV is killed within 30 minutes). Uses: dishes, basins, pitchers, medical/dental instruments Moist heat

Answer 3

121C @ 15psi for 15-20 minutes. The most widely used sterilization technique. It is not the pressure that kills, but the fact that the pressure raises the temperature of water above the boiling point. This creates steam which rapidly penetrates cells and spores coagulating cellular proteins and enzymes. Uses: microbial media, sterilization of cultures, any instruments that can withstand heat/pressure/ water Moist heat

Answer 4

Used on inoculation loops and transfer needles. Kills microbes without destroying instrument. Dry heat

Answer 5

170-180F for 2 hours. Time for dry heat is longer because cellular components must oxidize. Uses: glassware (keeps it dry), Vaseline, waxes, powders, paper, and cotton Dry heat

Answer 6

Used to sterilize any disposable paper products, dressings, cadavers, bags, etc. Destroys (sterilizes). Possibly on way of eliminating prions. Dry heat

Answer 7

Developed by Louis Pasteur to kill pathogens mycobacterium tuberculosis, streptococcus pyogenes and coxiella burnetti in milk and other products without destroying consistency or flavor. One of contributing causes to reduced incidence of TB, streptococcal sore throat, and diptheria. Classic- 60C for 30 minutes HTST (high temp, short time)- 72C for 15 seconds. UHT (ultra high tx)- may sterilize milk and other products. Heats product to 140C for 3 seconds and then reduce heat to 74C. Shelf life is much longer and does not need to be refrigerated until after opening container.

Answer 8

Cultures kept a 2-8C can be maintained for several months. Works by slowing metabolic rate and inhibits growth.

Answer 9

Cultures kept at 0C can be maintained for a minimum of 1 year. Cultures are generally frozen in milk or slants and overlaid with mineral oil. Freezing kills many bacteria by formation of ice crystals, which are expanded water, which can disrupt/burst the cell.

Answer 10

Freeze drying. Cultures are brought down to -70C with their water simultaneously sucked out. Can be preserved for long periods of time, and then rehydrated by placing cells in enriched broth solution and incubating for 24-48 hours before placing on agar slants. Kills about 99.9% of cells in process.

Answer 11

Passage of liquid or gas that is labile (heat sensitive) through a screen like material with pores small enough to retain bacteria and viruses. Results in sterilization. Membrane filters are composed of cellulose esters or plastic polymers. Popular because of uniform size (.45 to .01 um) HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filters remove almost all microbes larger than .3um in diameter. Used in air supply systems in sterile hospital rooms.

Answer 12

Placing material in a hypertonic solution such as salt/sugar which causes cells to dehydrate.

Answer 13

Microbes require water for growth and dedicated foods will not support their growth. Dehydration of food.used to preserve food before refrigeration.

Answer 14

Beams travel through cell so quickly that it ionizes water resulting in hydroxyl and peroxide radicals that damage DNA. Two most commonly used isotopes are cobalt (60Co) and cesium (137Cs). Uses: sterilization of pharmaceuticals, plastic ware, disposable medical supplies, irradiation of foods

Answer 15

Has longer wavelength and less energy the ionizing radiation. Most efficient bacteriocidal wavelength is 265 nm. Causes formation of thymine dimers, which distort DNA molecules, leading to mutations and death. Can sterilizes vaccines, used in meat packing to control food spoilage, and can be found in hospitals or industry as germicidal lamps. Has poor penetrating power and is dangerous to humans- blindness/ skin cancer.

Answer 16

Phenomenon where uv irradiated bacteria repairs damaged DNA when exposed to strong light source. Light activated enzymes repair thymine dimers by replacing them with appropriate bases. May also lead to mutation via SOS repair mechanism.

Answer 17

Vibrations cause the formation of bubbles which bombard surfaces. The bombardment or cavitation removes materials from surfaces such as instruments and can disrupt cells for enzymatic studies.

Answer 18

915-2,450 mH. Cause negatively charged ions to accelerate and collide with other molecules or cause dipoles to attempt to rotate and line up with rapidly alternating electrical field. This generates heat to cook food and kill bacteria/fungi. Water is necessary.

Answer 19

Testing disinfectants or sterilizes using pure cultures to define their range of usefulness.

Answer 20

Measure of chemical compound against phenol compound after dilution. Can only be used for phenol like chemicals.

Answer 21

Method that determines how much a chemical can be diluted and still remain effective. Establishes appropriate dilutions of an agent for actual conditions. Stainless steel cylinders are contaminated with specific number of test bacteria. After drying, these are placed in test disinfectant for 10 minutes, then allowed to drain. Then are transferred to culture media tubes and incubated for 48 hours. Tubes are then examined for growth. No growth indicates effective concentration.

Answer 22

Used in teaching labs to evaluate the efficiency of a chemical agent. Filter paper is soaked in specific concentration of disinfectant, then placed on a Perri dish containing the test bacteria. After incubation, a zone of inhibition will appear and be measured.

Answer 23

Pioneered by Dr. Joseph Lister. Is composed of 6% carbolic acid and is seldom used today with the exception of bench top disinfection. Phenol ova are widely used and work by injuring cell membrane, inactivation of enzymes, and denaturing of proteins. They are stable, persistent and aren't sensitive to organic matter. O-phenylphenol is the main ingredient in Lysol. Hexachlorophene is effective against staphylococci and streptococci/ skin infections, used in asepsis. Problems of neurological damage in infants from overuse. Products containing more than 1% must have a prescription.

Answer 24

Similar in structure to phenol hexachlorophene. Is frequently found in 4% solution in isopropyl alcohol and is known as Hibiclens.

Answer 25

Group 7A on periodic table. Iodine is effective against all kinds of bacteria, many endoscopes, fungi, and some viruses. Combination of AA tyrosine with enzymes and proteins. Tincture of iodine is an aqueous solution. Iodophors are combinations of iodine and organic molecules that do not stain and are less irritating than iodine. Can also be used as surgical scrubs and pre-op skin preparations. Betadine, isodine, ioprep

Answer 26

Can be used as gas or in combination with other chemicals. The gas is used in disinfecting municipal water supplies, swimming pools and sewage.

Answer 27

Ordinary household bleach. Disinfectant. Commonly used in benchtop, floors, and other inanimate objects. 10% solution readily kills the HIV virus.

Answer 28

Chemicals consisting of chlorine and ammonia. They are highly stable. The germicidal action of chlorines is based on the formation of hypochlorous acid in water. It's neutral charge allows for rapid diffusion through cellular water.

Answer 29

Both ethanol & isopropyl alcohol are widely used, normally at 70%. Concentrations of 60-95% are effective. They are bacteriocidal and fungicidal but are not effective against endospores or nonenveloped viruses. Alcohol, used as tincture, enhances the effectiveness of other chemicals.

Answer 30

All exhibit oligodynamic action. They combine with cellular proteins and enzymes, denaturing and coagulating them.

Answer 31

Bacteriocidal. Silver nitrate is used in eyes of newborns and prevents development of ophthalmia neonatorium (gonorrheal eye infection). Expensive. Replaced by tetracyclines and erythromycin. Silverdine is a combination of silver and sulfonamide used to treat burns

Answer 32

Too toxic for disinfection or antisepsis. Combines with sulfhydryl groups, disrupting sulfide bonds in proteins. Organic Mercury compounds are less irritating and toxic, used in antisepsis, such as mercurochrome and methiolate.

Answer 33

Destroys green algae in reservoirs and other water supplies.

Answer 34

Used in mouthwash. Zinc oxide is used in paints as an anti fungal agent. Calamine lotion contains zinc oxide and ferric oxide, soothing lotion for insect bites and poison ivy b/c antiseptic and astringent.

Answer 35

Decreases surface tension of a liquid and include soaps and detergents. Emulsify oils and are good deferring agents. Acid-ionic sanitizer are important for cleaning dairy equipment. Deodorant soaps contain compounds such as triclocarban, which inhibit gram pos bacteria.

Answer 36

Most effective against gram pos bacteria and less effective against gram negs. Catio if. Fungicidal, amoebicidal, virocidal (enveloped virus), but NOT sporicidal. Are colorless, tasteless, odorless, nontoxic and stable. Inactivated by organic molecules, soap, and surfaces like gauze. May support the growth of P. aeruginosa. Act by disrupting cell membranes and denaturing enzymes. Capacity (cetylpyrimidium chloride)

Test 3 Flashcards

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