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nursing 103 test 3 > test 3 > Flashcards

test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

hematoma

A

contusion with a large amount of bleeding

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2
Q

strain

A

stretching injury to a muscle or muscle tendon unit caused by mechanical overload
back
swelling, tenderness, sharp or dull pain

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3
Q

sprain

A

injury to a ligament surrounding a joint
loss of ability to use, rapid swelling, pain
ankle or knee

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4
Q

treatment of strains, sprains and contusions

A 
Rest
Ice-1st 24hrs
Compression
Elevation above heart
severe injury may require surgery
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5
Q

diagnosis of S,S and C

A

X-ray show fracture

MRI-soft tissue

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6
Q

meds for S,S and C

A

analgesics
NSAIDS
muscle relaxants

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7
Q

dislocation

A

loss of articulation of the bone ends in the joint capsule following severe trauma
most common is shoulder

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8
Q

assessment of dislocation

A 
5P
pain
pallor
paresthesias
pulse
paralysis
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9
Q

treatment of dislocation

A

immobilization if necessary
pain relief
pt education

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10
Q

Phases of bone healing

A

inflammatory
reparative
remodeling

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11
Q

inflammatory phase

A

bleeding at site
may not see bruising right away
tissue tear

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12
Q

reparative phase

A

callus forms
2-3 weeks soft callus
4-8 weeks hard callus
2-3 months for repair

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13
Q

remodeling

A

new bone is laid down

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14
Q

osteoblasts

A

form new woven bone

may take a yr or more

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15
Q

osteoclasts

A

dissolve away callous as it is replaced by mature bone

bone may not be completely healed when cast removed

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16
Q

healing influenced by

A 
age
health
nutrition
treatment sought
physical acitivty
location and type of fx
time for healing
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17
Q

complications of hip fractures

A 
big deal
pressure ulcers
pneumonia
anesthesia
50% of those over 80 don't go back to same living conditions
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18
Q

emergency care of fx

A

immobilization of fx
maintain tissue perfusion
open wounds

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19
Q

immobilization of fracture

A

above and below joint
maintain alignment
be creative
no stress on injury

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20
Q

maintain tissue perfusion

A

evaluate before/ after splinting

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21
Q

open wounds

A

sterile dressings

protect site from bacteria exposure

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22
Q

diagnostic tests for fx

A

history of incident and assess
x-ray
additional tests for other concerns

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23
Q

medications for fracture

A 
pain meds-narcotics
NSAIDS
antibiotics
anticoagulation
stool softener
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24
Q

NSAIDS for fx

A

beware of bleeding

may interfere with initial bone healing

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25
antibiotics for fx
open fractures | potential for infection
26
treatment of fx
surgery-in OR in 6hrs Ext fixation-pins above and below ORIF-put in alignment
27
traction
application of straightening or pulling force to maintain or return fracture bone in normal alignment, prevent muscle spasms complications of bedrest
28
complications of immobility
skin breakdown problems urinating constipation kidney stones
29
casting
rigid device applied to immobilize bones and promote healing long term splint extends above and below fx
30
plaster cast
needs 48-72hrs to dry wait to dry to bear weight swelling will cause cast to be too tight don't get wet
31
fiberglass cast
used in ER for nondisplaced fx hardens within an hr can get wet
32
complications from casts
``` compartment syndrome fat embolism syndrome VTE infection reflex sympathetic dystrophy ```
33
compartment syndrome
excess pressure in limited space constricting structures within and reducing circulation to muscles and nerves bruising, swelling, compression results from hemorrhage, edema or swelling may result in ischemia develops in 48hrs
34
symptoms of compartment syndrom
increasing pain in distal decreased sensation loss of motion decreased distal pulses
35
interventions for compartment syndrome
bivalve cast fasciotomy elevate limb call OR
36
fat embolism
fat globules lodge in pulmonary capillaries, no blood flow | long bone fracture
37
symptoms of fat embolism
dyspnea cyanosis petechiae on chest
38
VTE
blood clot forms in intimal lining of large vein | keep an eye on respiratory status
39
Precursors to VTE
venous stasis injury to blood vessels altered blood coagulation
40
symptoms of VTE
swelling tenderness pain sometimes
41
treatment of VTE
``` early immobilization TED hose anticoagulants heparin coumadin ```
42
delayed or non-union
``` prolonged healing of the bones beyond usual period poor nutrition severe trauma age poor alignment inadequate immobilization ```
43
treatment of delayed or non-union
surgery | debridement
44
amputation
partial or total removal of body part
45
causes of amputation
PVD/PAD poor circulation trauma interruption of blood flow either acute or chronic
46
goals of amputation
alleviate pain, ulcerations maintain healthy tissue increase functional outcome
47
amputation site healing
assess circulation rigid or compression dressing to prevent infection stump wrapped in ACE wrap to prevent edema and maintain shape
48
complications of amputations
infection delayed circulation if circulation isn't good chronic stump pain phantom limb pain(lyrica,neurontin) contracture
49
repetitive use injuries
carpal tunnel | bursitis
50
carpal tunnel
``` compression of median nerve in wrist numbness and tingling in thumb and index finger pain inferes with sleep surgery to fix ```
51
bursitis
inflammation of bursa(enclosed sac between muscle and tendon) tender, hot, red, swollen joint with pain of flexion shoulder and hip most common
52
collaborative care of repetitive use injuries
pain relief-splint increasing mobility rehabilitation avoid activities that increase risk
53
treatment of repetitive use injuries
NSAIDS to decrease inflammation steriod injections into site immobilization surgery
54
osteoarthritis
most common form of all arthritis loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bones at articular cartilage male more often until age 55
55
risk factors of osteoarthritis
``` age excessive weight inactivity strenuous, repetitive exercise hormonal factors genetics ```
56
patho of osteoarthritis
cartilage lining joints degenerates, falls apart | bone spurs form along edges of joints
57
symptoms of osteoarthritis
``` gradual, progressive onset pain and stiffness referred pain immobility decreased ROM boney overgrowth ```
58
treatment of osteoarthritis
``` Tylenol NSAIDS corticosteroid joint injections PT rest using ambulation devices weight loss analgesic and anti-inflammatory meds surgery ```
59
joint arthroplasty
total joint most common for hips and knees also done for shoulder and elbows
60
complimentary therapies for osteoarthritis
magnet or copper therapy anti-inflammatory diet nutritional supplements yoga
61
osteoarthritis nursing care
``` promote comfort maintain mobility pain mobility self-care deficit ```
62
low back pain
most often due to strain of muscles and tendons of back caused by abnormal stress or overuse
63
patho of low back pain
local pain-figure out cause radicular pain-herniated disc muscle spasm pain-may be accompanied by poor posture
64
symptoms of low back pain
mild to chronic pain gait loss of bowl or bladder movement
65
treatment of low back pain
``` NSAIDS steroids avoid narcotics lying down initially application of heat/ice PT ```
66
nursing diagnosis for low back pain
acute pain deficit knowledge risk for impaired adjustment
67
back pain with herniated disc
rupture of cartilage surround disc with protusion of nucleus pulposus pain radiates L4, L5, C5-6, L5-S1 changes with aging
68
pahto of herniated disc
occurs spontaneously or with trauma abrupt herniation causes pain and muscle spasm gradual occurs with degenerative changes
69
symptoms of lumbar disc
recurrent episodes of pain, radiate to butt and lower extremities foot drop paresthesias and numbness
70
symptoms of cervical disc
pain in should, arm or neck | paresthesias and muscle spasm
71
diagnosis of herniated disc
MRI CT X-Ray if not done before EMG
72
contusion
bleeding into the soft tissue blunt force bruise
73
shingles
``` varicella zoster virus people over 50, especially immunocompromised lesions follow path of dermatome very painful lesions 3-5 day recovery 3-6 weeks chicken pox vaccine ```
74
treatment of shingles
nerve blocks | antiviral agents-acyclovir
75
nursing diagnosis for shingles
acute pain disturbed sleep pattern risk for 2nd infection
76
migraine headaches
dilation and inflammation of intracranial arteries
77
migraine triggers
``` stress hormones BS levels fatigue bright light ```
78
symptoms of migraines
``` one sided throbbing pain hypersensitivity pain N/V aura ```
79
migraine meds
``` NSAIDS narcotics caffeine containing meds triptanes topomax elavil ```
80
migraine nursing diagnosis
pain meds minimize light, noise and activity application of heat and cold education
81
seizures
episodes of abnormal, sudden discharge of electrical activity within the brain idiopathic or primary secondary or acquired
82
acquired seizure cause
head injury CNS infection brain tumor
83
seizure prevention
safety lead poisioning high risk pregnancy childhood infections
84
tonic-clonic seizure
most common in adults aura post idal
85
complex partial
limited area of the brain 1-3 min dont recall aura
86
absence
most common | lasts seconds
87
simple partial
repetitive movements with memory and awareness | aura
88
status epilepticus
lasts over 5 min | in and out for 30
89
meds for control of seizures
IV valium | ativan
90
seizure lifestyle concerns
eliminate factors that cause have a regular routine impact on employment and transportation
91
seizure nursing diagnosis
altered brain perfusion alteration of self image low self esteem anxiety
92
dilantin
``` seizure med most widely used empty stomach purple glove syndrome-reaction measle like rash-reaction ```
93
tegretol
preferred due to fewer side effects increasing doses over time rash and photosensitivity-reaction
94
depakote
always give with food | rare to have side effects
95
trigeminal neuralgia
chronic disease involving cranial nerve 5 idiopathic flu, trauma, infection
96
symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia
sudden, severe facial pain frequent or remission unilateral
97
triggers of trigeminal neuralgia
infection viral infection trauma pressure on trigger zone
98
meds for trigeminal neuralgia
anticonvulsants-tegretol neurontin muscle relaxants lyrica
99
microvascular decompression
small incision | quick pain relief
100
steriotactic radiosurgery
elderly radiation aimed at the spot relief in 3-4 weeks
101
rhizotomy
severe nerve root by injection
102
tigeminal neuralgia nursing diagnosis
pain | risk for altered nutrition
103
bells palsy
``` 7th cranial nerve disorder unilateral weakness of the facial muscles paralysis of the face 80% recover self care deficit, prevent injuries ```
104
symptoms of bells palsy
``` minimal to severe sudden onset pain behind ear or jaw before paralysis numbness/stiffness on affected side impaired taste ```
105
bells palsy meds
acyclovir-antiviral steroids anti-inflammatory-prednisone
106
polyneuropathy
``` more than one area affected distal to proximal numbness and tingling pain slow progression ```
107
mononeuropathy
single nerve carpal tunnel, shingles trauma, compression
108
visceral neuropathies
cv-no increase in HR with exercise GI- change in motility GU- sexual dysfuction
109
meds for peripheral disorders
neurontin lyrica cymbalta
110
prevention of peripheral disorders
irreversible treat underlying disease symptom managment

nursing 103 test 3 (1 decks)

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