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KIN 100 > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

long term outcomes of alcohol consumption

A

health problems: liver failure, alcohol dependence, heart disease

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2
Q

short term outcomes of alcohol consumption

A

impairment problems such as mental impairment and physical impairment

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3
Q

define standard drink

A

what your body can metabolize in one hour.

contains .5 ounces of pure alcohol

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4
Q

examples of standard drinks

A

12 oz. of beer, 4 oz. of wine, 1.5 oz. of liquor (80 proof)

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5
Q

define non-standard drink

A

an alcoholic beverage that surpasses the standard amount of alcohol your body can metabolize in one hour, or is immeasurable

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6
Q

examples of non-standard drink

A

jungle juice, full solo cup of beer or wine, mixed drink, malt liquor

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7
Q

low risk drinking behavior guidelines

A

no more than 1 drink per hour
no more than 2 drinks per day
no more than 3 drinks on an occasion (does not exceed 3 drinks in a day)
total number of drinks does not exceed 14 per week

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8
Q

define high risk drinking

A

any drinking behaviors that surpass the low-risk guidelines listed

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9
Q

choice vs. biology

A

choice: power to control, modifiable
biology: can’t control, non-modifiable

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10
Q

define tolerance

A

tolerance is the measure of impairment when someone uses alcohol. impairment is how the brain is affected by alcohol and the ability for the brain to react and think. impairments are mental and physical

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11
Q

initial tolerance is set by _______.

A

biology

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12
Q

trigger level is ____ and set by ____.

A

predetermined, biology

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13
Q

does trigger level change with alcohol consumption?

A

no

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14
Q

what is an example of a factor that influences trigger level?

A

family history, alcohol dependence

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15
Q

trigger level is a ____ risk.

A

biological, they have complete control over the choices they make

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16
Q

define stress

A

stress is the collective physiological and emotional response to any stimulus that disturbs an individuals homeostasis

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17
Q

define stressor

A

any physical or psychological event or condition that produces a stress

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18
Q

define stress response

A

the physiological changes associated with stress

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19
Q

examples of environmental stress

A

hot, cold, crowding, noise

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20
Q

examples of physiological stress

A

physical activity, drugs, injury, illness

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21
Q

examples of emotional stress

A

life-changing events, family illness, problems at work, increased responsibility

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22
Q

examples of college specific

A

social, financial, academic

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23
Q

examples of responses to physiological stress

A

HR, BP, respiration, illness, headaches, injury, GI problems

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24
Q

examples of responses to cognitive stress

A

decrease in concentration, attention span, and memory

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25
Q

examples of responses to emotional stress

A

anxiety, depression, irritability, fatigue, impulsiveness

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26
Q

the nervous system consists of the ___, ____, and ______.

A

brain, spinal cord and nerves

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27
Q

define the automatic nervous system

A

the branch of the nervous system that contains the basic body process, both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

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28
Q

define the sympathetic division

A

the division of the automatic nervous system that reacts to danger or other challenges by accelerating body processes
neurotransmitters- norepinephrine

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29
Q

define the parasympathetic division

A

the division of the automatic nervous system that moderates the excitatory effect of the sympathetic division by slowing things down

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30
Q

what two systems control the stress response?

A

nervous system and the endocrine system

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31
Q

define the endocrine system

A

it consists of glands, tissue, and cells that secrete hormones into the bloodstream and influences metabolism and body processess

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32
Q

what are the key chemical messengers or hormones involved in the endocrine system?

A

norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and endorphins

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33
Q

define norepinephrine

A

a neurotransmitter released by the sympathetic division to increase body functions, increases attention, awareness, and alertness

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34
Q

define epinephrine

A

a hormone secreted by the inner core of the adrenal gland also known as adrenalin, also increases attention, awareness, and alertness

35
Q

define cortisol

A

a steroid hormone secreted by the outer layer of the adrenal gland

36
Q

define endorphines

A

brain secretions that have pain-inhibiting effects, natural opiates

37
Q

theory on human reactions to stress

A

stress mobilizes body’s resources to react to stressors
Lead to increase in sympathetic nervous system
lead to increased secretions by endocrine system
Response is the same regardless of the stressor
Parasympathic ideally brings you back down to homeostasis

38
Q

5 categories of stress

A

acute time limited stressors, brief naturalistic stress, stress event sequence, chronic stressors, distant stressors

39
Q

acute time limited stress (of the 5 categories)

A

(Everyday stress)
giving a talk without much notice, solving a problem that needs immediate attention, being stuck by the train before class

40
Q

brief naturalistic stress (of 5 categories)

A

huge project coming up, taking a final, driving through a lasting snow storm, relationship problem or situation from weekend

41
Q

stress event sequence (of 5 categories)

A

as they are going through it they know the stress will end some day
EX: death of a friend of family member, Katrina Event, Sandy, getting life back together

42
Q

Chronic stressors (of 5 categories)

A

Everyday stress- do not know when these forms of stress will come to an end
EX: raising a child with a disability, caring for parents, long term financial stress

43
Q

Distant stressors (of 5 categories)

A

traumatic event in our lives that will not go away. Continue to haunt us in our lives.
EX: abuse as a child, war experience, abandonment

44
Q

define the somatic nervous system

A

what manages our conscious actions, entirely under our control.

45
Q

explain The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS(

A

GAS is a predictable response patter to all stressors.
follows 3 stages:
1. Alarm: fight or flight stage
2. Resistance: coping stange
3. Exhaustion: life threatening breakdown stage

46
Q

define eustress

A

optimal amount of stress (good)

47
Q

define hardness *

A

a form od optimism, ability to cope and see stress as a challenge or a time to learn and grow
somebody who sees stress as a challenge and takes it as a learning experience

48
Q

personality trait: Type A

A

higher perceived stress level and more problems coping (very competitive)

49
Q

personality trait: Type B

A

less frustrated by daily events and more tolerant- doesn’t really bother them, just lets it go

50
Q

personality trait: Type c

A

suppression of anger, difficulty expressing emotions - like a balloon

51
Q

Behavioral responses are controlled by the ________________, which manages our conscious actions under our control

A

somatic nervous system

52
Q

define allostatic load

A

the long-term negative impact of the stress response on the body, especially long-term exposure to stress hormones like cortisol

53
Q

define Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)

A

the study of the interactions among the nervous system, the endocrine system, and the immune system to stress responses

54
Q

Define Cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A

disease of the

heart and blood vessels

55
Q

Type I Diabetes (juvenile onset, insulin-dependent)

A

genetic: Pancreas fails to produce insulin ◦ Usual onset before age 30 ◦ About 5% of all diabetics are Type I

56
Q

Type II Diabetes (non-insulin dependent)

A

controllable, usually a result of obesity: Once called adult onset, but there has been a
rise in the prevalence in children
◦ Lack of sensitivity to insulin and/or not enough insulin
◦ Often caused by obesity ◦ ~95% of diabetics are Type II

57
Q

activity reduced risk of type I diabetes by:

A

Reduces disease risk ◦ Increases quality of life

58
Q

activity reduced risk of type II diabetes by:

A

Decrease insulin resistance ◦ Improve insulin sensitivity ◦ Improved ability to clear sugar from blood ◦ Reduced fatness

59
Q

define osteoporosis

A

Progressive loss of bone mineral
density. DUE to factors such as: Physical inactivity ◦ Loss of sex hormones ◦ Low calcium levels ◦ High protein intake ◦ Smoking ◦ Caffeine

60
Q

activity reduces risk of osteoporosis by:

A 
Increases peak
bone mass
Slows decline
in bone mass
5 risk factors
for osteoporosis
61
Q

define cancer:

A

abnormal, uncontrolled growth of
cells.
 Cancer is the second most common cause of death,
after heart disease
◦ Responsible for 1:4 deaths in the United States

62
Q

define what a tumor (neoplasm) is:

A

a mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose

63
Q

A benign tumor is:

A

composed of cells that are

enclosed, preventing them from spreading to other tissues

64
Q

A malignant tumor is:

A

cancerous and capable of spreading

65
Q

define metastasis:

A

the spread of cancer cells
from one part of the body to another
They break away and can pass through:
Blood vessels Lymphatic system

66
Q

A carcinogen is:

A

any substance that causes cancer. EX: tobacco

67
Q

controllable risk factors for cardiovascular disease:

A

tobacco use, high blood pressure

( hypertension) , unhealthy cholesterol levels (HDLs versus LDLs), physical inactivity, obesity, diabetes

68
Q

uncontrollable risk factors for cardiovascular disease:

A

heredity, aging being male (face higher risk, especially earlier in life), ethnicity (african americans have higher rates of hypertension and stroke).

69
Q

Lung Cancer is:

A

the most common cause of cancer death in the United States

70
Q

the chief risk factor of lung cancer is:

A

smoking (accounts for 87% of lung cancer deaths)

71
Q

define LDLs

A

Low density lipoprotein:

72
Q

define HDLs

A

high density lipoprotein:

73
Q

contributing risk factors of cardiovascular disease that can be changed:

A

High Triglyceride Levels Psychological and Social Factors such as:
Stress Chronic hostility and anger Suppressing psychological distress Depression and anxiety Social isolation Low socioeconomic status
Alcohol and Drugs

74
Q

colon and rectal cancer also known as colorectal cancer is:

A

the third leading cancer death cause

75
Q

Polyps are:

A

mall growths, develop and cause bleeding from the rectum, which is a strong warning sign

76
Q

breast cancer is the ______ common cancer in women

A

most

77
Q

risk factors of breast cancer include:

A

Genetic factors ◦ Early-onset menstruation ◦ Having no children or having the first one after age 30 ◦ Currently using HRT (hormone replacement therapy) ◦ Obesity ◦ Alcohol consumption

78
Q

Prostate cancer is:

A

the most common cancer in men and second to lung cancer in the number of cancer deaths among men

79
Q

risk factors of prostate cancer include:

A

Age (strongest predictor) ◦ African American ethnicity ◦ Heredity ◦ Lifestyle factors
 Diet may be an important factor of preventing this cancer

80
Q

causes of cancer include:

A

DNS, inactivity and obesity, dietary factors, and Carcinogens in the Environment ( radiation, chemicals, pollutants)

81
Q

Fraud

A

intentional perversion of the truth for gain

82
Q

quackery

A

promotion of health schemes that are false, unproven, and even dangerous

83
Q

define supplement

A

a highly defined dietary ingredient that would not be confused with food: ingredients may include vitamins, minerals, amino acids, ect.
In forms of pills, powders, liqueds, etc.

KIN 100 (1 decks)

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