Test 3 Flashcards
1
Q
Power
A
Strength over a distance in a specific amount of time
2
Q
Endurance
A
Muscle’s Ability to perform repeated contracting or sustained contractions
3
Q
PROM
A
Passive Range of Motion- can’t do alone
4
Q
AAROM
A
Active assistant range of motion- can do with assistance
5
Q
AROM
A
Active Range Of Motion- can do alone
6
Q
RROM
A
Resistant Range Of Motion- can do against resistance
7
Q
Developing a resistant exercise program:
A
- needs analysis
- exercise selection
- training frequency
- exercise order
- training load and reps
- volume
- rest Periods
8
Q
3 questions for needs Analysis
A
- What activities does patient perform? Which muscles r needed? Which r weak?
- What type of muscle activation is needed? Isometric, concentric, eccentric?
- what needs to be developed (SEP)
9
Q
Assessing muscular strength
A
- MMT (conc, ecc, isom)
- one rep max
- isokinetic
- Tensiometer
10
Q
MMT advantages
A
Easiest most common
11
Q
One rep max disadvantage
A
- difficult to measure w/ injury
12
Q
Isokinetic disadvantage
A
Expensive
13
Q
MMT chart
A
0) none- no visible palpable contraction, no motion
1) trace- visible and palpable contraction, no motion
2) poor- full ROM, gravity eliminated
3) fair- full ROM, against gravity
4) good- full ROM, against gravity, moderate resistance
5) normal- full ROM, against gravity, maximal resistance
14
Q
How to tell wether person is just normally extremely weak?
A
Compare bilaterally
15
Q
How to assess muscular power
A
- vertical jump
- long jump
- wingate test
- medicine ball toss
- isokinetic testing
16
Q
Assessing muscular endurance
A
- push up
- sit up
- chin up
- flexed arm hang
- # reps at a fixed wt
17
Q
Isometric
A
Contraction without change in length, helps with Neuromuscular control
18
Q
Isotonic
A
Concentric- muscle shortens, Eccentric- muscle lengthening
19
Q
Isokinetic
A
Same speed
20
Q
What is the order of isotonic , metric, kinetic
A
Isometric, tonic, kinetic
21
Q
In isometric, be careful with
A
CVD’s
22
Q
Neuromuscular control
A
Body will respond to imposed demands
23
Q
Which is better eccentric or concentric? Why?
A
Eccentrics produce 30% more force
24
Q
Single vs. compound joint exercises
A
Single: Less sport specific
Compound: More sport specific
25
Types of resistance
- Body weight,
- manual resistance
- elastic/rubber tubing/bands
- free weights
- isotonic machines
- isokinetic machines
26
Body weight resistance +/-
(+)inexpensive, home programs, sport specific
(-)heavier athletes, difficult to use with certain body parts/muscles, hard to continue progression to advanced stages,
27
Manual resistance +/-
(+) inexpensive, immediate feedback to u, ability to change contraction type
(-) difficult objective measurement, advanced stages...enough resistance?
28
Elastic tubing/bands +/-
(+) functional patterns, relatively inexpensive, "homework, travel
(-) resistance increases as band is stretched and is most difficult at muscles weakest point, advanced stages
29
Free weight +/-
(+) requires stability, works many muscles/groups, heavier load, easy to measure quantitatively
(-) some cost, safety
30
Isotonic machines +/-
(+) Isom/con/ecc, safe, no need for assistance, easy to change, objective measurements, easier to target specific muscle or group
(-) cost, space, less functional, no stability
31
Isokinetic machines +/-
(+) safe, allows training at higher speeds, objective measurements, diagonal patterns, testing, visual feed back
(-) cost, space, time, lots of training to operate, velocity specific gains
32
OKC
Open kinetic chain, free distal segment, less functional
33
CKC
Closed Kinetic Chainfixed distal segment, more functional
34
OKC vs. CKC
OKC- isolated weaker muscles
| CKC- more functional, safer
35
SAID
Specific Adaptions for Imposed Demands
36
Muscle loses how much strength per day if immobilized?
1-5% strength/day if immob
37
Takes how long to regain muscle loss of one day
One week
38
Detraining begins
7-14 days if no more further training
39
How long to increase muscle strength by 5%-12%
7 days
40
Untrained training frequency
2-3 /wk with 1-2 days rest in between
41
Whole body training frequency
2-3/ week
42
Splint training frequency
1-2 days rest between 2-3/wk
43
Exercise order
- warm up
- rom/ stretching
- more taxing exercises earlier in session
- vs. isolate then incorporate
- alternate Push and pull
44
Goal - strength
Resistance: 80-90% 1 RM
Reps: 5-8
Sets: 3-5
Rest: 2-3m
45
Goal- power
Resistance: 90% + 1RM
Reps: 1-6
Sets: 5
Rest: 3-5m
46
Goal- endurance
Resistance: 66-80% 1 RM
Reps: >8
Sets: 3-5
Rest: 1-2 m
47
Volume formula
- Sets x reps x weight
| - 2-3 sets is spusually good enough
48
Strength
Maximum force that muscle can exert at once.
49
How long for muscle to recover after intense work out
3-4 minutes
50
Rest periods
- early stages of program
- set of heavy resistance
- shorter rest period as pt progresses, developed endurance and after isolation exercise
51
bench press points of reference
Feet, back, butt, head
52
Healing process three phases
1) Inflammatory response phase
2) fibroblasts can repair phase
3) maturation remodeling phase
53
Tissue injured healing process time
Day 1- day 4
54
S/s of inflammation
- redness
- swelling
- tenderness
- increased temp
- loss of function
55
Immediate vascular response to tissue damage
Vasoconstriction for 5-10 min followed by vasodilation (histamine)
56
Clot formation time
12-48 hrs
57
How long does inflammatory response last
2-4 days after injury
58
Pibroclastis repainted phase time
- Day four to week 4-6
- Scar formation
- pain subsides
59
Types of collagen
Type 1: skin, tendon, bone, ligaments, cartilage
Type 2: Hyaline cartilage and vertebral disks
Type 3: skin, smooth muscle, nerves, and blood vessels
60
Remodeling phase
Remodeling of collagen fibers that make up scar tissue according to forces applied to the tissue
61
Firm scar exists after
3 weeks
62
Wolff's law
Bone and tissue respond to physical demands placed on them
63
Mobilization better that immobilization why?
Muscles, bones and joint will get stiff and immobile. Loss of muscle.
64
Factors that slow healing
- extent of injury
- edema
- hemorrhage
- poor vascular supply
- separation of tissue
- muscular spasm
- loss of muscle
- keloids and hypertrophic scarring
- infection
- health, age and nutrition
65
Cartilage healing
Limited healing capacity, two months
66
Ligament healing
Clot forms in 6 weeks
| Takes 12 weeks
67
Factors that affect ligament healing
- Surgically repaired ligaments are better
- Non repaired ligaments heal by scarring
- Existing ligaments are stronger task immobilized ones and constantly stress injured ligament with exercise.
68
Hamstring sprain time period
6-8 weeks. Rehab can be lengthy
69
Tendon healing
- Lots of collagen
- too much collagen can cause scar tissue
- tendon can adhere to surrounding tissue
- takes 4-5 weeks
70
Nerve healing
Closer to cell body, more difficult healing (peripheral)
CNS generates very poorly
Regenerates at 3-4 mm per day
71
Bone healing
Osteoblasts and clastic can continue 2-3 years
72
Acute vs. chronic
Acute- less than six months
| Chronic- more than 6 months
73
Symptom vs. sign
Symptoms: change that indicated injury or disease, subjective
Sign: indicator of disease, objective
74
SOAP
Subjective, objective, assessment, plan
75
HOPS
History, observation, Palpation, special tests
76
History
OPQRST
| Has this happened before?
77
Observation
Deformity, symmetrical, movement, posture, inflammation
78
Palpation
Soft tissue, bony Palpation , both injured and non injured side should be palpated
79
Prom endpoints
- soft tissue approximation
- capsular feel
- bone to bone
- muscular
80
Abnormal endpoints
- empty
- spasm
- loose
- springy
81
Trauma
Physical injury caused by external force
82
Mechanical injury
Harmful disturbance r function or structure
83
Elasticity
Property that allows a tissue to return to normal after deformation
84
Yield point
Elastic limit
85
Plastic region
Deformation of tissue exists after load is removed
86
Creep
Deformation of tissue that occurs with constant load over time
87
Mechanical failure
tissue breaks down
88
Load
External force acting on internal tissue
89
Stress
Internal resistance to external load
90
Strain
Amount of deformation of tissue under loading
91
Deformation
Change in shape of a tissue
92
Traumatic injury
Physical injury by external or internal force
93
Overuse
Repetitive activities cause injuries
94
Three types of muscle
Smooth, cardiac, skeletal
95
Strains
Muscles and tendons
Grade 1: fibers stretched, some torn
Grade 2: fibers have been torn
Grade 3: fibers completely ruptured
96
Muscle guarding
Body trying to splint area in response to pain, involuntary
97
Two types of muscle spasms
Clonic: alternating contractions and relaxation
Tonic: contractions for a long of of time
98
Muscle soreness
Acute: right after workout
DOMs: delayed onset muscle soreness: 24-48 hours after workout
99
Tenosynovitis
Inflammation of tendon and synovial sheath
100
Tendonosis
Breakdown of tendon without inflammation
101
Tendonitis
Inflammation of tendon, Achilles' tendon
102
Contusions
Bruise
103
Synovial joint
Joint surrounded by joint capsule lined with synovial membrane
104
Ligament Spains
Grade 1: fibers stretch, no laxity
Grade 2: some tearing of fibers, laxity with an endpoint
Grade 3: total tear, laxity with no endpoint
105
Diastasis
Separation of articulating bones
106
Dislocation
Bone is forced out of alignment, stays out
107
Subluxation
Bone is forced out of alignment but then snaps back
108
Bursitis
Inflammation of bursae between muscle and tendon. Bursae have synovial fluid, too much fluid produced by trauma
109
Osteoarthritis
Wearing of hyaline cartilage
110
Osteoarthritis s/s
Pain, stiffness, tenderness, creaking, prominent In morning, grating that can be heard or felt
111
Bone functions
- body support
- protect organs
- calcium storage
- formation of blood cells
- movement
112
Osteoblast
Bone producing cells
113
Osteoclasts
Bone remodeling cells
114
Closed fracture
Little or no displacement
115
Open fracture
Bone breaks through tissue
116
Traverse bone fracture
Horizontal
117
Linear bone fracture
Vertical
118
Nondisplacd bone fracture
Diagonal
119
Displaced/compound fracture
Broken
120
Spiral fracture
Spiral
121
Green stick
Chipped in one side, then breaks
122
Comminuted
multiple fractures
123
Stress fracture causes
- over training
- going back too soon
- starting training too quickly
- changing habits of environment.
124
S/s of stress fracture
Swelling, tender, pain
125
Neuropraxia
Interruption of impulse down fiber, bought about by compression very mild
126
Neuritis
Inflammation of nerve
127
RICE
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
128
MOI
Mechanism of injury
129
Pathology
Structural and functional Change caused by injury
130
Soap vs. hops
Hops: injury evaluation
Soap: documentation
