Test 3 Flashcards by kara baker

What are the three main parts of fluoro equipment

X-ray tube/ generator
Image intensifier
Video monitoring device

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Fluoro generators

3 phase or high frequency; max efficiency

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How does an image intensifier brighten image

By converting a low intensity full size image to a high insides minifies image

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Input phosphor does what

Take xray to light

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Input phosphor is made of

Cesium iodide

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What does a photo cathode do

Change light to electrons through the process of photoemission

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What is the photocathode made out of

Cesium antimony

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What is the potential difference between the anode and photocathode

25-35kv

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What does the output phosphor do

Change electrons to bright light

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What is the output phosphor made of

Zinc cadmium sulfide

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The image from the larger input phosphor is condensed into the smaller output phosphor. Bc the image is emitted from a smaller area it appears to be brighter is the process of what

Minification gain

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The formula for mini fixation gain is

(Input/output)^2

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A high voltage accelerates electrons from the photocathode and their kinetic energy is increased causing many times more light photons from the output phosphor surface describes what

Flux gain

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Formula for flux gain

of output light photons/ #of input xray photons

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Factors that affect the brightness of fluoro images

MA
Kvp
Pt ️thickness/ tissue density
Automatic brightness control

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What allows fluoro unit to automatically maintain the brightest level of the image for variations of pt ️thickness and attenuation

Abc

Automatic brightness control

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What is considered the principle source of medical radiation to US population

Fluoro

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How is an image magnified

By changing the voltage on electrostatics lenses which decreases the amount of the input phosphor image sent to the output phosphor

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Is mA increased or decreased when usin mag mode

Increased

Increasing pt dose

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A decrease in image brightness at the lateral portions

Vingetting

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Oldest method of monitoring image from image intensifiers

Mirror optics

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The most common method for monitoring the fluoro image

Closed circuit TV monitoring (vidicon)

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Uses high speed motion picture camera that records images of fast moving object

Cinefluorography

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Uses a spot film camera that takes a static radiograph of the fluoro image

Photoflurospot or spot film camera

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Visual inspection to flouro machine is done how often

6mths

Environmental inspection I done how often

6mths

Fluoro equipment should be tested horizontally t/f

False vertical and horizontal

Image field vs radiation field

Checks congruency Uses a fluoro beam alignment tool Within 2% o SID

High contrast ️resolution

Test to determine ️resolution present and ability to resolve small thin black and white areas Took used is a fluoro high contrast ️resolution test tool Good: 40 center 30 periphery

Low contrast ️resolution

To determine ability to resolve large objects that differ slightly from surrounding area Tool used low contrast ️resolution test tool Good when contrast holes and surrounding area is 2%

Fluoro exposure

To demonstrate exposure levels around fluoro unit Tool used ionization chamber Good when no exposure is read through curtain Use stopwatch fluoro for 30 sec with and without curtain use inverse square law

What is a way to track pt exposure with digital imaging

DAP AND KAP Dose area product and air Kerma product Meters used in rooms to estimate skin doses

Basic QC procedures for digital

Check CR system (cr reader must be cleaned and image plates should be erased daily) DR image receptors must be kept clean Check performance of display monitor

Less than ______% below the ideal exposure can create quantum Mottle

All monitors used for interpretation should be tested at least _____

Monthly

Shading uniformity test

T= laser jitter test ️resolution chart = spacial accuracy/sharpness Circles on side of T= contrast evaluation Relative sensitivity test= s#'s shouldn't vary more than 20%

Computer system that manages image to electronic form. A network infrastructure that distributes images within and outside facility

PACS

Electronic medical record

HIS

Electronic medical record specific to the radiology dept

RIS

Exchanges and stores medical information between different systems or different equipment

DICOM - digital image communication in medicine

Histogram graph X axis = Y axis =

``` X= amount of exposure Y= the number of pixels ```

Used to alter tonal qualities o image by mapping values of exposure intensity to desired brightness. ️Contrast can be adjusted by changing slope, brightness can be adjusted by moving line up or down the y axis

LUT look up table

Measure how well image quality is being displayed (how much information is lost from incoming to display)

DQE detective quantum effluence

Is DQE better with DR or CR

Percentage of pixel area that is sensitive to the image signal.

Fill factor

Current system have a fill factor of _____%

Abscess

Additive Chest with a sac like structure in left lung A sac o pus

Atrophy

Destructive Shoulder joint Degeneration of cells to tissue or organs

Bowel obstruction

Destructive KUB with airy bowel Obstruction of bowel preventing normal transit of waste

Active osteomyelitis

Destructive Funky toes/ 1/2 a foot Inflammation o the bone due to infection

Pulmonary edema

Additive Lung with lower 2/3 white out Excess fluid in the lungs

Tumor

Additive | Chest with grey spot by aorta

Atelectasis

Additive Chest with entire right side white out Collapsed lung

Aseptic necrosis

Destructive | Carpal bones with black arrows

Emphysema

Destructive | Chest with long dark lungs

Bronchiectasis

Additive | Chest with right lung cloudy lower 1/2

Plural effusion

Additive | Chest with right angle whited out left angle clipped

Aortic aneurysm

Additive | Chest with large aorta

Cardiomegaly

Additive | Chest with large heart shadow

Fibrosarcoma

Destructive | Hand with fingers clipped

Aerophaigia

Destructive | KUB minus the pubic symphysis CT IMAGE IN LOWER LEFT

Gout

Destructive | Large great toe

Carcinoma

Destructive | Pelvis with 1/2 deteriated

Chronic osteomyelitis

Additive | Knee

CHF

Additive | Chest with lt written in ink

Pneumonia

Additive | 3 CXR

Additive | Chest with cloudy upper right lobe and arrows

Calcified stone

Additive | Bladder shot with huge stone

Osteomalacia

Destructive | Hip

Osteoporosis

Destructive | Hunch back lateral Chest

Osteolytic metastasis

Destructive | Pelvis with yellow arrow

Arthritis

Destructive | Lateral c spine

Pneumothorax

Destructive | Chet with right love collapses

Paget's disease early stage

Additive | Pelvis with Swiss cheese ala

Pneumoectomy

Additive | Chest with right side whited out

Osteochondroma

Additive | Knee with colliflower

Emphyma

Additive | Chest with 1/2 right side white and cloudy distinctive lateral boarder

Test 3 Flashcards

(77 cards)