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Chemistry > Test 3 > Flashcards

Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

absorbs moisture, can clump/get caked

A

hydroscopic

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2
Q

dried out, susceptible to hydroscopy

A

anhydrous

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3
Q

no limit, takes in water, pulls moisture

A

deliquescent

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4
Q

molecules have to touch for

A

convection

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5
Q

fluids that move

A

convection

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6
Q

spontaneous proccess

A

happens on its own

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7
Q

nonspontaneous

A

needs input of energy

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8
Q

4 types of energy for the motion of particles, KE or PE?

A

1) translational NRG, 2) rotational NRG, 3) vibrational NRG, 4) electronic NRG; KE

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9
Q

enthalpy

A

heat and change

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10
Q

entropy

A

nature goes towards chaos

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11
Q

NRG is the ability to…

A

do work

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12
Q

W=

A

f*d

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13
Q

f unit(s)

A

N; kg*m/s2

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14
Q

joule is also

A

kg*m2/s2

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15
Q

F=

A

m*a

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16
Q

1 Calorie=?calories

A

1000; 1 kilo

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17
Q

1 calorie=?joules

A

4.184

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18
Q

intermolecular forces compared to evaporation rate

A

weaker forces, quicker evaporation

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19
Q

solid to gas

A

sublimation

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20
Q

gas to solid

A

deposition

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21
Q

dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates in a closed system

A

equilibrium

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22
Q

pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid at room temperature

A

equilibrium vapor pressure

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23
Q

temp. liquid increases = KE molecs. ____

A

increases

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24
Q

volatile

A

liquids that can readily evaporate and have relatively weak forces of attraction between particles

25
decrease in atmospheric pressure = _____ boiling point
decrease
26
why is water an effective cooling agent
it has a high molar enthalpy of vaporization, strong hydrogen bonds means more energy to overcome them
27
freezing point
temperature where the solid and liquid are in equilibrium at 1 atm
28
melting: ___ + ___ -->
solid + energy --> liquid
29
molar enthalpy of fusion
amount of heat energy needed to melt one mole of solid at the melting point
30
critical temperature of water
373.99 C
31
critical pressure of water
217.75 atm
32
triple point
solid, liquid, and vapor can coexist at equilibrium
33
critical pressure
lowest pressure a substance can be a liquid at the critical temp
34
critical temperature
highest temp the substance can exist in liquid state
35
the number of linked molecules ____ as temperature increases
decreases
36
water molecules in hexagonal arrangement in...
ice
37
what accounts for low ice density
empty spaces caused by hexagonal arrangement
38
what does a high molar enthalpy do
helps organisms resist dehydration and maintain homeostasis
39
device to measure energy absorbed or released as heat
calorimeter
40
measure of avg KE of particles in matter
temperature
41
SI unit of heat
Joules, J
42
quantity transferred as heat during temperature change depends on (3)
nature and mass of material changing temp and size of temperature change
43
specific heat
amount of energy required to raise the temp of 1g of substance by 1 degree celcius
44
q
energy lost or gained
45
products have lower enthalpy than reactants
exothermic
46
products have a higher enthalpy than reactants
endothermic
47
lower altitude=____ atmospheric pressure, ____ boiling point
higher, higher
48
(water) ml=; why
g; b/c density of water
49
why does sand get hotter in the day and colder at night than water
water has a higher specific heat capacity
50
on a plateau in a heating or cooling curve, the equation
q=m*deltaH (fusion or vaporization)
51
difference between temperature and heat
temperature measures the average kinetic energy, white heat is the total kinetic energy. heat is extensive
52
why doesnt water (for example) continually increase as it is heated
temperature will remain the same when going through a phase change (plateaus)
53
solve for ____: how much heat required...
Q
54
solve for ___: how much energy is required
Q
55
1 Calorie = kcal
1
56
1st law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only change forms; heat lost+heat gained=0
57
2nd law of thermodynamics
some energy is lost as heat
58
meaning of the sign in front of energy values
show whether energy was lost or gained

Chemistry (4 decks)

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