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Test 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Folliculitis, furuncles, boils and carbuncles (Characteristics)

A 
Staph aureus virus 
Seen more in children 
Poor hygiene / crowed areas 
Susceptibility varies 
Once having the initial infection you began to have it more
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2
Q

Folliculitis, furuncles, boils and carbuncles (transmission)

A 
Hands 
Human reservoir 
Person to person 
30-40% have it in their nose 
1/3 self
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3
Q

Folliculitis, furuncles, boils and carbuncles (symptoms)

A

Infection in the eyelid (sty)
Folliculitis (red pastel)
Infected hair follicles, painful nodules, discharging pus

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4
Q

Folliculitis, furuncles, boils and carbuncles (treatment)

A 
Keep area cleaned 
Antibiotic lotion on the shelf 
Keep pressure off boils 
Hot compress 
Surgical draining
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5
Q

Folliculitis, furuncles, boils and carbuncles (prevention/control)

A

Healthy hand washing

Infected person avoid contact with others

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6
Q

Impetigo (characteristics)

A

Staph or strept
Children/ new horns most common
Hot humid weather
Human reservoir

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7
Q

Impetigo (transmission)

A

Fomites (damp towels)

1/3 self (auto-infection)

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8
Q

Impetigo (symptoms)

A 
Small reddish spot on skin 
Developed into vessels then becomes pustular 
Fluid 
Weepy 
Crust over
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9
Q

Impetigo (treatment)

A

Keep area clean
Antibiotic ointment
Pressure off site
Hot compress

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10
Q

Impetigo (prevention/control)

A

Good hygiene
Contagious
Elderly and diabetic have hard time fighting

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11
Q

Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis (characteristics)

A

Infection of the bone and bone marrow
Staph into blood stream into bone
Occur more in children (more in boys)

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12
Q

Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis (transmission)

A

No transmission

self trauma

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13
Q

Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis (symptoms)

A

Sudden pain in the bone
Tenderness, heat swelling, maybe sudden fever, fast heart beating, nausea, and malaise
Restricted movement in the bone

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14
Q

Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis (treatment)

A

4-8 weeks antibiotic treatment
Surgical development
Drainage
Analgesics for pain

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15
Q

Staphylococcal Osteomyelitis (prevention/control)

A

Don’t squeeze the boils

Prevent wounds

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16
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome TSS (characteristics)

A

Staph aureus - antibiotics
Strep - 1980s
30-70% fatality

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17
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome TSS (transmission)

A

Not person to person

Mystery as to where it officially comes from

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18
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome TSS (symptoms)

A

Fever over 104
Headache, vomiting, sore throat, diahera, muscle aches, sunburn like rash, low blood pressure, bloodshot eyes, disorientation, reduced urination, peeling of skin (hands/feet)

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19
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome TSS (treatment)

A

Antibiotics, fluid replacement (might be needed)

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20
Q

Toxic Shock Syndrome TSS (prevention/ control)

A

Avoid tamponds, following directions, change frequently

Education to women

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21
Q

Conjunctivitis (characteristics)

A

Known as pink eye
Maybe allergic reaction or bacterial infection
Hoemophilus influenza, strep pneumonide, s. aureus
Incubation 24-72 hours
Human reservoir
Children under 5 most susceptible

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22
Q

Conjunctivitis (transmission)

A

Contact with discharge of infected person
Contaminated fingers
Fomites
Insect vectors

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23
Q

Conjunctivitis (symptoms)

A 
Redness 
Itchiness 
Purulent discharge 
Occasional photophobia 
Eyes sometimes stick together
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24
Q

Conjunctivitis (treatment)

A

Warm water wash away crust / discharge
Antibiotic ointment
Oral antibiotics may be used
Eye drops

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25
Conjunctivitis (prevention/ control)
Attention to personal hygiene | Individuals should be treated promptly watch out for in Day care
26
Meningitis (characteristics)
``` Inflammation of the meninges H. Influenza (children) S. Pneumoniae Other agents viral (aseptic) Fungal - not common but deadly ```
27
Meningitis (transmission)
Varies - contact with respiratory secretions Close contact (shared drinks) (Through nose and throat secretions)
28
Meningitis (symptoms)
``` Fever Chills Headache Nausea Vomiting Stiff neck Often a rash Malaise Leg extensions Back aches Babies - harder to recognize - refuse to eat - dehydration seizures Septic into blood will lead to a rash (Can kill quickly ) petecha- small purpe hemorrhages (within rash) ```
29
Meningitis (treatment)
Antibiotics through IV for at least 2 weeks Followed by oral antibiotics Supportive core May have long term damage ( loss of fingers or toes , hearing damage)
30
Meningitis (prevention/control)
Vaccine | Start treatment asap
31
Endocarditis (characteristics)
Inflammation of endocardium (inner lining) of heart In the valves Agent - staphylococcus or streptococcus (bacterial) w/o antibiotic 90% fatal w antibiotics 15-20% fatal
32
Endocarditis (transmission)
Bacterial introduced into bloodstream penetrating wound Underlying heart conditions (dental work , surgical)
33
Endocarditis (symptoms)
Feverishness, night sweats , vague aches and pains, fatigue, weakness Change in heart murmur or new murmur
34
Endocarditis (treatment)
High dose of antibiotic through IV for 6 weeks
35
Endocarditis (prevention/control)
Prophylactic treatment with antibiotics | Heart/value defect - antibiotics should be taken before surgery if you have defect
36
Leprosy (characteristics)
infectious organism - mycobacterium leprae | person to person
37
Leprosy (transmission)
unknown - maybe through nasal secretions / upper respiratory tract or break in skin
38
Leprosy (Sypmtoms)
large erythematous (red) plagues, macules (discolored spots on the skin) with clear boarders seen on face, arms, legs, and buttocks cannot tell if something touched is too hot
39
Leprosy (treatment)
early treatment - lead to cure | late treatment - cannot reverse any damage done
40
Leprosy (prevention/ control)
``` vaccine developed in India thalidomide treats 1 form of Leprosy treatment centers available education to the public contact isolation ```
41
Syphilis (characteristics)
caused by spirochete, treponema, pallidum spreads through body in stages incubation period from 10 days to 3 months but usually three weeks
42
Syphilis (transmission)
direct contact with body fluids (sexual transmitted) infection of the fetus through placenta transmitted through blood transfusion from a victim in early stages
43
Syphilis (symptoms)
(primary stage) painless sore, sore teeming with spirochetes, maybe in rectum or cervix disappear in 4-6 weeks (secondary stage) few days to 8 weeks, rash, lymph node enlargement, headache, aches, and pain in the bones, loss of appetite, fever and fatigue, hair may fall out in clumps, meningitis may occur, disappear with treatment in weeks/months (last two stages) 1 symptom appear in 1-25 years, cardiovascular syphilis, possibly lead to aneurysms, brain damage, general paralysis, tabs dorsalis
44
Syphilis (treatment)
pencillin can cure in all three stages organ damage cannot be reversed fetus can be cured in womb
45
Syphilis (prevention/ control)
maintaining monogamous relationships | condoms offer protection
46
Gonorrhea (characteristics)
caused by the gonococcus neisseira gonorrhorae known as the clap was most common STD but now second to chlamydia incubation period 2 to 7 days
47
Gonorrhea (transmission)
contact with bodily fluid of the infected individual | mostly always through sexual activity
48
Gonorrhea (symptoms)
none until disease infect fallopian tubes vaginal discharge, burning sensation or urination not treated lead to frequent urination, itching and pain of the vulva, redness, swelling, discharge from vagina men- asymptomatic babies- through child birth chance of gonorrhea arthritis, septicemia and heart disease
49
Gonorrhea (treatment)
penicillin or ampicillin | combination of drugs
50
Gonorrhea (prevention/control)
sex in monogamous relationships | condoms
51
Chlamydia (characteristics)
chlamydia trachomatis | incubation period 7 - 14 days
52
Chlamydia (transmission)
sexual intercourse and during childbirth to babies | causing eye infections to newborns
53
Chlamydia (symptoms)
both men and women asymptomatic discharge from penis or vagina, swelling of the testes, painful urination for women PID pelvic inflammatory disease
54
Chlamydia (treatment)
antibiotics
55
Chlamydia (prevention/control)
condoms, safe sex | get tested frequent
56
Lyme disease (characteristics)
spirochete called barrella burgdorferi tick found on deer, wild rodents, and other animals animals is the secondary reservoir white-footed mouse is the most important reservoir
57
Lyme disease (transmission)
bite of infected tick | transmitted to fetus if pregnant women is infected
58
Lyme disease (symptoms)
hard to diagnose 1st phase - up to 1 month, rash, erythema migrants, forms bulls eye, flu like symptoms 2nd phase/ 3rd phase - days to months later if untreated, headache, rash, stiff neck, arthritis, facial or boils palsy, short term memory issues
59
Lyme disease (treatment)
antibiotic can cure - especially when given early | only reverse arthritis in 1/2 cases
60
Lyme disease (prevention/control)
inspection after hiking wear proper clothing deer and mice control learn how to remove a tick (tweezers get the head out, if you cannot remove head, seek medical help)
61
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (characteristics)
``` typhus infection could be fatal rickettsia rickettsiae reservoir of infection is in tick incubation period 3 to 14 days ```
62
Rock Mountain Spotted Fever (transmission)
tick - has to be attached for a while
63
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (symptoms)
mild fever, loss of appetite, headache, then high fever, prostration, aching, tender muscle, sever headache, nausea, and vomiting pink spots on hands/ankles - move over body, then darken enlarge and bleed
64
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (treatment)
antibiotics
65
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (prevention/control)
examine body and pets regularly | remove ticks and use repellant
66
Tularemia (characteristics)
``` bacterial disease francisella tularensis very small bacteria incubation period 1 - 14 days most cases are 3 - 5 days ```
67
Tularemia (transmission)
lots of skins undercooked rabbit meat infected flies, ticks, other animals, water contamination, can inhale it (from dust, contaminated soil, grain, or hay) not person to person
68
Tularemia (symptoms)
depends on how you become infected skin breakage- results in ulcer inhale - results in pneumonic or thyphodial disease eat bacteria - pharyngitis, intestinal pain, diarrhea, vomiting life threating if not treated
69
Tularemia (treatment)
antibiotics take antibiotics long enough to completely cure chronic infection
70
Tularemia (prevention/control)
``` gloves used when skinning animals, hunting, or trapping animals cook meat throughout vaccine don't drink from ponds let doctor know if you have risk factors ```
71
Plague (characteristics)
bubonic plague / black death | from flea
72
Plague (transmission)
to humans through flea bite (infected flea) rodent reservoir person to person - air borne droplets can inhale from an animal
73
Plague (symptoms)
Flea bite / bubonic plague - fever chills , headache, exhaustion, swelling, pain and hemorrhaging in the lymph nodes mortality 60% if untreated pneumonic plague - person to person, high fever, chills, fast heart beat, rapid breathing, productive cough, 100% mortality rate if untreated septic form - bloodstream, often secondary to others very high fever, convulsions, prostration, shock, blood stream, patient will most likely die
74
Plague (treatment)
antibiotics - early
75
Plague (prevention/control)
control rats/fleas good hygiene education to public
76
Leptospirosis (characteristics)
``` leptospira interrogans reservoir animals (rodent, cattle, pigs, dogs, horses) urine water contamination ```
77
Leptosprirosis (transmission)
contact with skin drinking water contamination floods/ hurricanes infected animals
78
Leptospirosis (symptoms)
variable, including fever, headache, chills, malaise, vomiting, muscle aches, and watery eyes 2nd phase- sometimes meningitis, rash, jaundice, renal insufficiency, anemia, and hemorrhaging in the skin
79
Leptospirosis (treatment)
antibiotics - IV drip if very sick | long recovery
80
Leptospirosis (prevention/Control)
``` avoid flooded areas don't drink unsafe water proper clothing and footwear vaccinate animals rodent control ```

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