Test 3 Flashcards
(194 cards)
1
Q
sialadenitis?
Conditions (4)
Symptoms (3)
A
Inflammatory salivary gland lesions
C: Sialoliths Mumps Sarcoidosis Sjogren syndrome
S:
Dry mouth
Swelling
Pain
2
Q
Sjogren syndrome
Cause Who? Clinical signs Risks Types
A
Autoimmune
Female, 40-50
Dry mouth, dry eyes, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, parotid enlargement
Lymphocytic infiltrate, 40x risk for lymphoma
Primary, secondary (other AI diseases)
3
Q
Salivary gland most affected by tumors
How many salivary gland tumors are benign
A
Parotid
75%
4
Q
2 benign and 1 malignant salivary gland tumor
A
B: pleomorphic adenoma, warthin tumor
M: mucoepidermoid carcinoma
5
Q
Pleomorphic adenoma
Location
Complications
Features
A
60% in parotid
10% recurrence
May become malignant
Lobulated, firm on palpation, can be encapsulated
6
Q
Warthin tumor
3 features
A
Parotid gland
Male
10% bilateral
7
Q
Most common malignant SG tumor
Which glands
Appearance
A
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Parotid, minor glands
Bluish color
8
Q
Esophageal varices
A
Dilated esophageal veins due to portal hypertension
Often asymptomatic, can rupture and hemorrhage
9
Q
4 benign and 2 malignant esophageal tumors
A
B: leiomyoma
Mucosal polyps
Squamous papilloma
Lipomas
M: adenocarcinoma
Squamous cell ca.
10
Q
Malignant esophageal cancers account for _ % of all GI cancer
A
8%
11
Q
Squamous cell carcinoma in the esophagus:
Caused by
Who?
Chance of survival
A
Smoking, alcohol
Males, African American
9% 5 year survival
12
Q
Adenocarcinoma:
Associated with
Who
Survival
Where in esophagus
A
Associated with GERD
Males 7:1, caucasians
25% 5 year survival, detected late
Distal third of esophagus
13
Q
B/t Esophageal adenocarcinoma and sqauamous cell carcinoma, which is more prevalent
A
SCC
14
Q
Barrett esophagus:
What, where?
Complication of _ with risk of _
2 diagnostic features
A
Intestinal metaplasia within esophagus squamous mucosa
Complication of GERD with risk of adenocarcinoma
- Extension abnormal mucosa
- Demonstration of squamous metaplasia
15
Q
4 pathologies of gastritis
A
Punctate hemorrhage
Erosion
Edema
Acute inflammation
16
Q
H. pylori are in _ % of gastric ulcers, and _ % of duodenal ulcers
A
65% gastric
85-100% duodenal
17
Q
How to treat chronic gastritis
A
Antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors
18
Q
Other 10% of gastric ulcers
A
AI gastritis
19
Q
Peptic ulcers are caused by 2 things
A
H. pylori, NSAIDs
20
Q
Acute vs. chronic gastritis vs. peptic ulcer disease
A
acute: quick, from external things or stress or infection
Chronic: H pylori, AI
Peptic ulcer disease:
H pylori, NSAID = gastric hyperacidity, recurrent ulcers
21
Q
~_% of gastric polyps are inflammatory or hyperplastic
A
75
22
Q
_ is increased in FAP
What is FAP
A
Gastric adenomas
Familial adenosis polyposis
23
Q
90-95% of gastric cancers are _
A
Adenocarcinomas
24
Q
Gastric accounts for _ % of all cancer deaths
A
3
25
Risk factors for developing gastric adenocarcinomas
```
Hereditary
Nitrites
GERD
Pernicious anemia
Strophic gastritis
Chronic gastritis
```
26
5 year survival of gastric adenomas
<10%
27
What is vircows node, and what type of cancer metastasizes here
Supraclavicular lymph node
| Gastric adenocarcinoma
28
Types of small intestine malabsorptive diarrheas
Celiac
Tropical spruce
Lactase deficiency
Abetaliproproteinemia
29
Celiac disease is a hypersensitivity to _
Gliadin
30
2 microbes that cause infectious enterocolitis
Vibrio cholerae
| Campylobacter jejuni
31
Inflammatory bowel disease arises from _
Inappropriate mucosal immune activation
32
UC is limited to _
And only extends to _
Crohn disease can involve where
Which layers
Columbus and rectum
Mucosa and submucosa
Any area of GI tract
Transmural
33
T/F UC and Crohn’s are AI disorders
FALSE - Idiopathic
34
5 bad things that happen as a result of malabsorption
1. Anemia
2. Osteopenia/tetany
3. Amenorrhea, impotence, infertility
4. Vit. A and B12 deficiencies
5. Oral problems (tongue lesions)
35
Histology of colon
```
No villi
Tubular crypts
Surface absorptive cells
Goblet cells
Paneth cells (occasional)
```
36
Most common malignancy of GI tract and also Colon
Adenocarcinoma
37
Top cancer death, second
Lung, colorectal AC
38
TNM classification
T: tumor invasion (submucosa, muscularis, subserosa, contiguous)
N: nodes
M: metastasis
39
FAP entails mutations of _ gene
APC
40
Gardners syndrome = _ + _
FAP + extraintestinal lesions
41
Oral manifestations of Gardner’s syndrome
```
Unerupted teeth
Supernumerary teeth
Dentigerous and mandibular cysts
Ondontomas
Delayed tooth eruption
Skin lesions
```
42
CHRPE:
What
Associated with
Congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium
Gardner’s syndrome
43
Peutz jegher syndrome:
What
Oral/facial conditions:
When diagnosed
2nd most common polyposis syndrome (after FAP)
Gastrointestinal hamartomous polyps
Melanin deposits around nose, lips, buccal mucosa
Diagnosed 23-26
44
UC vs. crohn
Crohn can be in any part from mouth to anus, UC is in colon only
UC doesn’t penetrate, Crohn does
45
Oral manifestations of crohns
Cobblestone mucosal ulcer
| Noncaseating granulomatous inflammation
46
Oral manifestations of UC
Rare
Arc-shaped pustules
Pyostomatitis vegetans
Arthritis of TMJ
47
Skip-lesions, non-caseating granulomas are characteristic of:
Crohn
48
Blood supply to liver
Portal vein
| Hepatic artery
49
Early hepatic injury can be masked how
Functional reserve
| Regenerative capacity
50
What can cause cirrhosis
```
Alcohol abuse
Viruses
Obesity
Biliary disease
Medications
Iron overload
```
51
3 morphological changes in cirrhosis
Bridging fibrous septa
Parenchymal nodules
Parenchymal injury and scarring
52
3 types of portal hypertension and causes
Prehepatic - obstruction
Intrahepatic - cirrhosis
Post hepatic - right side heart failure
53
5 consequences of portal hypertension
1. Ascites (fluid in peritoneal cavity)
2. Esophageal varices
3. Splenomegaly
4. Hepatic encephalopathy
5. Hypogonadism
54
Jaundice and cholestasis are caused by
Excess bilirubin
55
#1 cause of jaundice
Hemolytic anemia
56
2 functions of hepatic bile
1. Emulsification of FA
| 2. Elimination of bilirubin, cholesterol, xenobiotics
57
Cause of viral hepatitis
```
EBV
CMV
Yellow fever
Rubella
Herpes
```
58
HAV:
Transmission
Incubation
Carrier/chronic
Fecal oral
2-6 weeks
No, no
59
HBV:
Transmission
Incubation
Carrier/chronic
Parenteral/sexual
4-26 weeks
Yes/yes
60
Complications from hep B
Hep b induced liver disease a precursor for hepatocellular carcinoma
Can end in cirrhosis
61
What determines ultimate outcome of HBV
Host immune response
62
HCV:
Transmission
Incubation
Carrier/chronic
Parenteral/sexual
7-8 weeks
Yes, yes
63
T/F there is a vaccine for hep C
False
64
HDV is like _
HBV
65
Intrinsic:
Idiosyncratic:
Predictable
| Unpredictable
66
Who gets liver disease more
Female adults
67
3 things that cause intrinsic (predictable) liver injury
Acetaminophen
Carbon tetrachloride
EtOH
68
3 forms of alcoholic liver disease
1. Hepatic steatosis
2. EtOH hepatitis
3. Cirrhosis
69
_ % of chronic liver disease is associated with overuse of alcohol
60
70
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
What
% of obese ppl with some form of fatty liver disease
Increased _ in liver
Hepatocyte injury, then 20% to cirrhosis
70% of obeses
Liver enzymes
71
```
Hematochromatosis:
What
Who
Why
Classic triad
```
Excessive iron accumulation
Males, 50-60s
Abnormal regulation of intestinal Fe absorption
Cirrhosis w/hepatomegaly, diabetes, skin pigmentation
72
Wilson’s disease:
Why
When
Genetic base
Failure to incorporate copper
6 to 40 yrs
Aut recessive
73
Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency:
Develop what
Why
Get emphysema, liver disease, Mallory bodies
Protein degrading enzymes
74
Intrahepatic biliary tract disease includes three forms:
PBS (primary biliary cirrhosis)
Secondary biliary cirrhosis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
75
PBS vs. SBS vs. PSC
PBS - non-suppurative inflammatory destruction of medium intrahepatic ducts, possibly AI
SBS - obstruction of extrahepatic duct
PSC - fibrosing of bile ducts, eventually get biliary cirrhosis
76
Nodular hyperplasia common factor:
Alteration in hepatic blood supply, resulting in obliteration of portal veins and increase in arterial supply
77
Cavernous hemangioma is a _ neoplasm
Benign liver neoplasm
78
_ increases in young women using oral contraceptives
Hepatic adenoma
79
4 malignant tumors of the liver, key characteristics
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)
-biliary tree, firm gritty, fatal in 6 mo
Hepatoblastoma
-young pts, epithelial/mesenchymal, chemo, fatal if untreated
Hepatocellular carcinoma
- 3rd most common cancer, 3:1 male, cirrhosis, viral infection, alcolhol, NASH, aflatoxins
- fibrolamellar variant (20-40 yrs, scirrhous tumor, 32% 5 yr survival)
Metastatic spread to liver
- more common than primary tumors, from colon/breast/lung/pancreas, hepatomegaly
80
Risk factors for gall stones
Old, obese, white women, cholesterol, bilirubin stones, estrogen, gall bladder stasis
81
Cholesterol vs. bilirubin cholelithiasis
Cholesterol is radiolucent, bili is radiopaque
82
Cholecystitis defining features
40-60s, F>M
With gall stones
URQ pain
Vague symptoms
83
Gall bladder adenocarcinoma:
Who
Risk factors
White women in 70s
| Gallstones, infectious agents in gallbladder
84
T/F pancreas does exocrine and endocrine
T
85
Endocrine functions of pancreas
Exocrine homeostasis
Glucose homeostasis
Acinar cells make enzymes for digestion
86
Pathology of exocrine pancreas is associated with
```
CF
Congenital anomalies
Acute/chronic pancreatitis
Pseudocysts
Neoplasms
```
87
T/F acute pancreatitis is irreversible
FALSE
88
Main symptom of pancreatitis
Abdominal pain esp. upper back intense pain
89
Why is pancreatitis an emergency
Potential release of toxic enzymes
90
Cystic pancreatic neoplasms occur in who mostly
Women in their 70s
91
Top 4 Leading causes of cancer deaths in US
Lung
Colon
Breast
Pancreas
92
Precursor lesion to pancreatic cancer:
Who mostly gets pancreatic cancer
PanINS
Elderly
93
2 main signs of pancreatic cancers
Pain
| Trousseau sign - migratory thrombophlebitis
94
Hypospadia vs. epispadia
Hypo - urethra opens on ventral side of peen
Epi - opening on dorsal side of peen
95
What do premalignant lesions of the peen look like
White plaque like
| Areas of redness
96
Bowen disease
Carcinoma in situ of the peen
| Can progress to invasive SCC
97
Cryptorchidism
Testes don’t descend
| Infertility if not treated, no guarantees even if treated
98
Two markers to help diagnose whether testicular cancer is nonseminomatous or seminoma
a-fetoprotein
| HCG
99
Most common cancer in men over 50
Carcinoma of prostate
100
T/F PSA tests are all you need to diagnose prostate cancer
FALSE - ok, but great when combined with digital rectal exam, transrectal sonography and needle biopsy
101
Most common tumor of bladder
Urothelial cell carcinoma
102
Syphilis is caused by
Treponema pallidum
103
Two antibodies for syphillis
Syphilitic reagin
| Treponema antibody
104
Two less accurate and one more accurate test to determine syphilis
VDRL
RPR
FTA
105
3 stages of syphilis, what happens in each
1. Painless chancre
2. Lymph node enlargement, many mucocutaneous lesions
- can become latent
3. After 5-20 yrs latency, affects CNS or cardiovascular system, brain atrophy, weakened aorta
106
Infantile syph vs. late congenital syph.
Inf: liveborn infants with 2˚ lesions in first two years
Late con: untreated congenital syph of more than 2 yrs duration
107
Hutchinson triad is a pattern in what?
3 parts of it
Congenital syphilis
1. Interstitial keratitis
2. Hutchinson’s teeth
3. Eighth nerve deafness
108
Gonorrhea caused by
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
109
% of asymptomatic males/females with gonorrhea
80 female
| 40 male
110
Acute salpingitis results from
Gonorrhea that ascends through
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
111
What’s it called when a mom blinds her baby with gonorrhea
Gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum
112
Main cause of nongonococcal urethritis and cervicitis
Chlamydia
113
Significant manifestation of chlamydia infection
Reactive arthritis
114
Primary HSV II infections are usually _, the rest aren’t
Painless
115
Tzanck cells:
What
With what disease
Large, multinucleate cells that occur with ballooning degeneration of epithelial cells in
HSV II
116
% of infants that die when in contact with maternal HSV
60%
117
HPV types 6 or 11 can be associated with _
Condyloma acuminatum (epithelial proliferation in genital tract)
118
Which strands of HPV cause most cancer?
HPV is present in _% of cervical neoplasia
16, 18
85-90%
119
Cervical examination is called
Colposcopy
120
Endometriosis:
What
Endometrial glands/stroma in places other than uterine lining
121
_ results in endometrial hyperplasia
Excess estrogen
122
Fibroid vs. leiomyoma
Fibroids are leiomyomas arising in uterus
123
Most common benign tumor in females
Leiomyoma
124
Most common cancer of female genital tract
Carcinoma of endometrium
| Not cervical carcinoma anymore because of PAP
125
Polycystic ovarian disease
Cysts, excess hormones
126
Teratomas form in which germ layers
All three: ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
127
90% of teratomas are _
Benign mature cystic teratomas
128
Fibrocystic changes of breasts
Alterations that are an exaggeration and distortion of the cyclic breast changes that occur normally in the menstrual cycle
129
_ is the most common benign tumor in breasts, from increased estrogen
Fibroadenoma
130
Carcinoma of the breast arises from _
Glandular and ductal structures of breast
131
Carcinoma of breast can be classified as _ or _
Ductal carcinoma (from ductal ep)
Lobular carcinoma (from glandular acini)
132
Hyperpituitarism is almost always associated with _
A pituitary adenoma
133
Excess ACTH and other POMC results in what two conditions
Cushing syndrome
| Nelson syndrome
134
4 causes of hypofunction of pituitary gland
Nonfunctional pit adenoma
Ischemic necrosis
Ablation of pit by surgery or radiation
Destruction by tumor
135
Gigantism is caused by _
An adenoma in ant. Lobe
136
Thyroid forms from the _
Endoderm
137
T/F Graves’ disease is autoimmune
TRUE
138
T/F follicular adenoma are encapsulated
TRUE
139
_ accounts for >85% of thyroid cancers
Papillary thyroid carcinoma
140
Pathology of papillary thyroid carcinoma
```
Papillary projections
Nuclear changes
-Nuclear clearing
-nuclear grooves
-nuclear inclusions
-nuclear enlargements
```
141
Parathyroid glands are derived from _
Third and fourth pharyngeal pouches
142
_ triggers release of PTH
Decreased Ca
143
PTH effects
⬆️ renal tubular Ca reabsorption
⬆️ urinary phosphate excretion
⬆️ renal conversion of vitamin D to activate it thereby ⬆️ GI Ca absorption
⬆️ osteoclastic activity
144
Hyperparathyroidism causes _
Hypercalcemia
145
Primary vs. secondary hyperparathyroidism
1˚ - overproduction of PTH due to PT adenomas or hyperplasia
| 2˚ - secondary to renal failure
146
Clinical signs of Hypoparathyroidism
Hypocalcemia
⬆️ neuromuscular excitability
Cardiac arrhythmias
⬆️ intracranial pressure and seizures
147
Pancreas arises from _
Endoderm of foregut
148
Exocrine pancreas is made of
Islets of langerhans
149
4 cell types and hormones of pancreas
Alpha - glucagon
Beta - insulin
Delta - somatostatin
PP - pancreatic polypeptide (VIP)
150
What do the 4 pancreatic hormones do
Glucagon - mobilizes carbs
Insulin - lets glucose be transported and stored
Somatostatin - suppresses insulin and glucagon release
VIP - exerts GI effects
151
Homeostasis depends on what 3 things
Gluconeogenesis
Glucose uptake by tissues
Actions of insulin and glucagon
152
_ is the leading cause of ESRD
Diabetes
153
Key points of type 2 DM
Insulin resistance
| Beta cell dysfunction -> Inadequate insulin secretion
154
_ is responsible for 80% of DM related deaths
Vasculopathy
155
2 manifestations of DM in kidneys
```
Glomerular lesions
Nodular glomerulosclerosis (specific to diabetics)
```
156
DM effects
```
Pancreas
Vasculature
Kidneys
Blindness
Neuropathy
Skin infections
```
157
Insulinomas cause what
Hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinism)
158
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Type of gastroma, Pancreatic islet cell tumor, causes hypersecretion of gastric acid and severe peptic ulcers
159
Adrenal cortex layers and hormones they release
Glomerulosa - mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)
Fasciculata - glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Reticularis - sex hormones (estrogen/androgen)
160
Hypercortisolism is called _
Results in
Cushing syndrome
Weight gain, moon face, buffalo hump, osteoporosis, mood swings
161
Hyperaldosteronism causes
Na retention, hypertension
162
Acute adrenocortical insufficiency can be caused by _ and results in
Sudden withdrawal of steroids
Vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension, coma, death
163
```
Addison’s disease:
Aka:
What happens to adrenal gland
Causes:
Clinical features:
```
Primary chronic adrenocortical insufficiency
Destruction of adrenal cortex
AI destruction of steroid producing cells
TB
AIDS
Metastatic disease
Weakness, fatigue, GI disturbances, hyperpigmentation, salt craving
164
Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency is different than primary in that _
No skin/mucosa pigmentation
165
Pheochromocytoma:
Who
What
Female, 30-60s
| Neoplasm of chromaffin cells (make epinephrine)
166
MEN 2B:
What
Oral manifestations
Tumors of multiple endocrine organs
Mucosal neuromas
Large lips
167
Two hereditary diseases of bone:
Etiology
Clinical features
Osteogenesis imperfecta
- type I collagen abnormal dev.
- brittle bone disease
- bone fractures
- blue sclera
- opalescent teeth
Osteopetrosis
- deficient osteoclastic activity
- defective bone remodeling
- brittle bone
- anemia
- nerve palsies
- blindness/deafness
168
Pathophysiology and clinical impact of osteoporosis
Reduced bone mass, fragility
Due to reduced estrogen (androgen in men), reduced physical activity, genetic factors, or secondary to something else
169
3 stages of paget disease
Possible sequelae
(Episodes of bone resorption)
Osteolytic stage - osteoclastic activity
Mixed osteoclastic/osteoclastic stage
Osteoclerotic stage - exhaustion of cellular activity
Skeletal deformation due to a lot of abnormal, unstable bone
170
Primary vs. secondary hyperparathyroidism
1˚ - parathyroid adenomas or hyperplasia
-painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychic moans
2˚ - any condition that lowers serum Ca
- causes compensatory over activity of parathyroids
- renal failure common
171
3 forms of fibrous dysplasia
| Details
1. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia
- manifests in childhood
2. Polyostotic fibrous w/o endocrine involvement
- multiple bones, unilateral
- possible pigmentations
3. Polyostotic fibrous with endocrinopathies
- pigmentations
- early sexual development
172
Clinical and radio graphic features of osteosarcoma
Mixed opacity sunburst lesion
Codman’s triangle
-acute angle b/t neoplastic bone and cortex
Painful enlarging mass
Fracture
173
Pathophysiolgy of osteoarthritis
Degeneration of articular cartilage
No primary inflammation
Joint mice (dislodged bone and cartilage floating in synovium)
Osteophytes (outgrowths cause inflammation)
174
Etiology and clinical manifestations of gout
Accumulation of high amounts of uric acid
Causes arthritis
From reduced excretion/overproduction
Urate crystals leading to joint injury
Kidneys can accumulate crystals too
175
2 diseases of skeletal muscle
Etiology
Clinical features
Duchenne musc. Dystrophy
- X linked recessive
- absence of structural protein dystrophin
- difficulty standing, walking etc.
- enlarged legs
- men with carrier moms
Myasthenia gravis
- destruction of Ach receptors in NMJ
- weakness and fatigability of voluntary muscles
- females more
- most active muscles affected more
- eyelids (ptosis - drooping)
- eye movers (diplopia)
176
Major patterns of response to injury by cells of CNS
Neurons react to hypoxic injury by losing ribonucleoproteins and denature cytoskeletal proteins (results in RED NEURONS)
Astrocytes make dense network of cytoplasmic processes surrounding injury - REACTIVE
GLIOSIS
Oligodendrocytes demyelinate in response to injury
Microglia appear as ROD CELLS in infections
177
Cerebral edema vs. hydrocephalus
Edema: ⬆️ fluid within brain parenchyma (swollen gyri)
Hydrocephalus: accumulation of CSF within ventricles
178
Major contributors to cerebrovascular disease (3rd leading cause of death)
Thrombosis (clot formation)
Embolism (mobile clot)
Hemorrhage (ruptured blood vessel)
179
Stroke:
Infarctive vs. hemorrhagic forms
Acute onset, non-epileptic neurological deficit > 24 hrs
Infarctive: impaired blood supply, decreased O2 of CNS tissues
Hemorrhagic: rupture of CNS vessel
180
Features of CNS trauma
Subdural vs. epidural hemorrhage
Epi: dura separates from blood accumulation, need surgery ASAP, most frequent is mid-meningeal artery, from injury
Subdural: blood b/t dura and arachnoid, old people/babies
181
Common CNS infections, distinguishing features
Bacterial meningitis: inflammation of leptomeninges/subarachnoid space, pyogenic bacteria
Cerebral abscesses: focal pus (S. milleri)
Encephalitis: diffuse inflammation of parenchyma, usually viral
Chronic meningitis: tuberculous, cryptococcal
182
Basis of:
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
Huntington’s
Alz:
- Neuritic plaques - aggregates of thickened, tortuous processes w/ central amyloid deposits
- Neurofibrillary tangles
Park:
- Degen of dopamine secreting pigmented neurons of substantia nigra
- Lewy bodies
Hunt:
- atrophy of basal ganglia
- AD
- spontaneous movements
183
4 major forms of adult and pediatric brain tumors
| Metastatic disease
Astrocytomas
Oligodendroglioma (fried egg look (perinuclear halo))
Ependymoma - cell processes radiating around blood vessels
Meningioma - arachnoid mater
Pilocytic Astrocytoma - astrocytes with thin processes (rosenthal fibers)
Medulloblastoma - cerebellum, homer-wright rosettes
184
Urticarial lesion path and treatment
Mast cell degranulation -> dermal vascular permeability -> dermal edema
Tx: antihistamine
185
Eczema clinical features, path, types
Pruritic inflam. Eryth. Papules and scaly plaques, skin can thicken
Epidermal edema, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate, mast cell degranulation
Atopic, allergic, photoeczematous, irritant dermatitis
186
Erythema multiforme:
What
Clinical features
Hypersensitivity rxn to drugs and infections
Targetoid lesions
187
```
Psoriasis:
What
Associated with:
Why:
Clinical features
```
Chronic inflam. Dermatosis
Ass. With heart disease, arthritis
Autoimmune, t-cell mediated rxn
Salmon pink plaques w/silvery scale
- Induce lesion by local trauma
- punctate bleeding when scale removed
188
Impetigo:
Cause
Clinical features
Staph aureus, Strep pyo
Contagious, small macule -> enlarges w/ honey colored crust
189
Pemphigus vulgaris
Who
What
Treatment
Elderly women
Flaccid blisters, easily break, erosion, crusting
Immunosuppressants
190
Actinic keratosis/cheilitis
What:
Treatment:
Red, rough patches on sun exposed skin
Cryotherapy, topical chemo
191
```
SCC:
Forms where
How
Clinical signs
Tx
```
Forms in basal layer of epidermis
UV light-> DNA mutations
Red scaly plaques
Tumor resection
192
BCC:
Clinical
Arise where
Pearly pink, translucent papules, can be nodular and ulcerate
Arise in basal layer of epidermis
193
Melanoma
What
ABCDE
Treatment
Skin cancer from melanocytes
```
Asymmetry
Borders irregular
Colors (multiple)
Diameter > 5
Evolution (change)
```
Wide excision, lymph node biopsy, chemo/radiation/immunomods
194
Skin cancer prevalence (most to least)
BCC
SCC
Melanoma
