Test 3

Question 1

Gestalt psychology

Answer 1

A system of psychology that focuses largely on learning and perception

Question 2

Kant

Answer 2

Said that the mind is active in interpreting experiences

Question 3

Phenomenology

Answer 3

Study of conscious experiences

Question 4

Phi phenomenon

Answer 4

The illusion that 2 stationary flashing lights are moving from one place to another

Question 5

Perceptual organization

Answer 5

Size, shape, illusions

Question 6

Wertheimer

Answer 6

Perceive objects as a whole rather than as sum of elements

Question 7

Kohler

Answer 7

Studied chimpanzees: mentality of apes

Question 8

Insight learning

Answer 8

Sudden perception of relationships vs gradual trial and error

Question 9

Lewin

Answer 9

Used vectors to indicate direction of movement

Question 10

Field theory

Answer 10

Lewins stystem usimg the concept of fields of force to explain behavior in terms of ones field of social influences

Question 11

Life space

Answer 11

Eg. “the war landscape”- a landscape may look different to a soldier than a civilian

Question 12

Zeigarnik effect

Answer 12

The tendency to recall I completed tasks more easily than completed tasks

Question 13

Mesmer

Answer 13

Introduced hypnosis

Question 14

Animal magnetism

Answer 14

An invisible natural force possessed by all living beings

Question 15

Hypnosis

Answer 15

A way of treating mental illnesses

Question 16

Freud

Answer 16

Studied hysteria and the uncounscious

Question 17

Psychoanalysis

Answer 17

Freud’s theory of personality and system of psychotherapy

Question 18

Repression

Answer 18

The process of barring unacceptable ideas, memories, or desires from conscious awareness, leaving them to operate in the unconscious mind

Question 19

Defense mechanisms

Answer 19

Behaviors that represent unconscious denials of reality but which are adopted to protect the ego against anxiety

Question 20

Id

Answer 20

The part of the mind in which instinctive impulses manifest

Question 21

Ego

Answer 21

The rational aspect of personality responsible for controlling the instincts

Question 22

Superego

Answer 22

The moral aspect of personality derived from internalizing parental and societal values and standards

Question 23

Psychosexual stages of development

Answer 23

The developmental stages of childhood

Question 24

Ego psychologists

Answer 24

A system of psychoanalytic development, psychology concerned with personality

Question 25

Anna Freud

Answer 25

Ego psychologist

Question 26

Play therapy

Answer 26

Introduction to the technique of child analysis

Question 27

Object relations theory

Answer 27

Focus on interpersonal relations more than drives

Question 28

Jung

Answer 28

Studied with Freud, analytical psychology

Question 29

Analytical psychology

Answer 29

Jungs theory of personality

Question 30

Archetypes

Answer 30

Inherited tendencies within the collective unconscious that dispose a person to behave similarly to ancestors who confronted similar situations

Question 31

Collective unconscious

Answer 31

The deepest level of the psyche; it contains inherited experiences of human and prehuman species

Question 32

Self

Answer 32

Archetype of wholeness

Question 33

Psychological types

Answer 33

Attitudes (introversion and extraversion) and functions (seeing and intuition)

Question 34

Adler

Answer 34

Individual psychology. Emphasized social biological factors

Question 35

Inferiority feelings

Answer 35

A condition that develops when a person is unable to compensate for normal inferiority feelings

Question 36

Striving for superiority

Answer 36

Stiriving to be the best

Question 37

Creative power of self

Answer 37

Determine own life course, most passively determined

Question 38

Birth order

Answer 38

Influences personality: first born- hostile, conservative; second child- ambitious, jealous; youngest- center of attention, spoiled

Question 39

Horney

Answer 39

Studied sexuality and anxiety

Question 40

Basic anxiety

Answer 40

Feeling alone and helpless in a hostile world

Question 41

Neurotic needs

Answer 41

Need becomes neurotic when it is rigid, inflexible

Question 42

Maslow

Answer 42

Abandoned behaviorism, created the hierarchy of needs

Question 43

Hierarchy of needs

Answer 43

Self- actualization, esteem, social, safety, physiological

Question 44

Self- actualization

Answer 44

The full development of ones abilities and the realization of ones potential

Question 45

Rogers

Answer 45

Founder of the humanistic approach

Question 46

Conditional positive regard

Answer 46

Conditional —> incongruence, unconditional positive regard —> congruence

Question 47

Seligman

Answer 47

Positive psychology

Question 48

Positive psychology

Answer 48

Study of happiness and optimal human functioning

Question 49

Cognitive psychology

Answer 49

A system of psychology that focuses on the process of knowing, on how the mind actively organizes experiences

Question 50

Piaget

Answer 50

Stages of cognitive development

Question 51

Neisser

Answer 51

Led shift from behaviorism to cognitive psychology

Question 52

Artificial intelligence

Answer 52

Computers

Question 53

Turing test

Answer 53

A test of a machines ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to a human

Question 54

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 54

All psychological mechanisms originate from evolutionary processes