Test 3 Flashcards by Rachel P

Performance of a CAM by a nurse?

Nurses should understand the ramifications
• Think critically before recommending or preforming
• Must be in scope of practice (Based off state)

Nurses should ask the client if they are currently using any CAM purpose, and outcome , educate about CAM, Create supportive/healing environment, obtain necessary training, be aware of the risks, and provide non judge mental supportive counseling

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Using therapies instead on conventional ?

Educate risks but be supportive ?

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Chinese client/energy flow – what CAM?

Traditional Chinese Medicine maintaining energy
• Yin and Yang
• Acupuncture is one technique used to alter the bodies energy flow

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inseparable connection and operation of thoughts, feelings, and function

Bodymind

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new field of science—mind can alter the body

Study of the complex relationship among the physical cognitive and affective aspects of humans

Psychoneuroimmunology

PNIe

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Chemical transmitters/nerve impulse

Neurotransmitter: chemicals that carry information from one neuron to another
Ex: stimulate muscle fibers

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Visual soothing mental picture-

Relaxation technique of using the imagination to visualize it wasn’t soothing image

Guided imaginary

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What would touch therapy be best used for

The nurse should not touch until effective communication has been established with the client

Part of assessment ,Promotes bonding Between nurse and client, important means of communication, especially when other senses are impaired, assistant soothing, Colleen, comforting, and helps keep oriented.

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Concept of reflexology

Noninvasive complementary therapy that involves the application of pressure by the use of the practitioners hand or fingers to the clients feet hands and ears with specific techniques

Divides the body into 10 equal longitudinal zones running the length of the body from the top of the head to the top of the toes.
The foot is viewed as a microorganism of the entire body.

Illness is evident as calcium deposits and acids in the corresponding part of the persons feet. Press in certain points on the feet brings an automatic nervous system response or reflex. It induces a state of relaxation which is conductive to healing.

It promotes health by relieving pressure‘s and accumulation of toxins in the corresponding part of the body.It can be used as a complementary therapy for chronic conditions such as asthma, sinus infection, migraines, irritable bawl syndrome, constipation, and kidney stones.

involves applying pressure to specific places on your feet, hands and ears, which have peripheral nerves that are connected to your central nervous system. Massaging these areas is a way to tap into your central nervous system to relieve pain and reduce stress through the simple power of touch.

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aids in night vision, promotes growth of bones and teeth, maintains skin and mucus membranes

Vitamin A

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builds and maintains strong tissues, promotes wound healing, aids in resisting infection, and enhances iron absorption

Vitamin c

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acts as antioxidant, maintains cell membrane integrity, protects red blood cells from hemolysis

Vitamin E

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act as chemical communicators in the body and are called neuropeptides

Amino acids

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What amino acids have impact on brain and body?

conscious control of some sympathetic nervous system functions - heart rate, respiratory rate, and BP

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Amino acid produced in the brain and other sites in the body that acts as a chemical communication

Neuropeptides

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Chemical substance produced by the body that facilitates or inhibits nerve-impulse transmission

Neurotransmitters

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With Acute pain, no meds – what is the best CAM to teach client

Relaxation -

decreases muscle tension and anxiety

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Macrobiotic diet – what does it consist of

Essentially vegetarian and emphasize natural, organically, and locally grown foods. Usually the diet is when 50% of daily intake is whole grains. Primary advantage is getting enough fiber

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Assessing client for medication list – what is an essential question to ask

Allergies

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Hypovolemic, leads to inadequate tissue perfusion

Leads to hypoxia (inadequate tissue perfusion) and eventually organ damage/failure.

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A condition in which the liquid portion of the blood (plasma) is too low.

tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension, anxiety, restlessness, delayed cap refill, poor circulation, decreased kidney function less than 10ml/hour. if not corrected, can lead to change in LOC

Caused from acute blood loss from trauma, surgery, or severe fluid loss

Hypovolemic shock

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Treatment of hypovolemic shock?

Give IV fluids of normal saline,

give blood, or lactated ringers. Blood products including electrolytes, especially potassium

Stop bleeding or fluid loss

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Cardiogenic shock, hypotension – placed in what position? Caused by?

condition in which your heart suddenly can’t pump enough blood to meet your body’s needs. The condition is most often caused by a severe heart attack, ventricular rupture

hypotension-Place in Trendelenburg or supine position if systolic less than 80. Monitor VS including I&O

Treatment- identify the cause.

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Physiologic change, anaphylactic reaction – causing lungs to do what

Causes-hypersensitivity reaction caused by allergen comes in contact with the body thru ingestion, skin, or inhalation.

Anaphylaxis is a serious allergic reaction that is rapid in onset and may cause death. It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat or tongue swelling, shortness of breath, vomiting, lightheadedness, and low blood pressure.

Airway closes due to edema and bronchospasms

Angioedema #1 sign of anaphylactic shock

Treatment- Establish IV site, ABC’s, epinephrine, then oxygen, antihistamines, and corticosteroids, monitor VS, start cardiac monitoring

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Gunshot wound, left femoral artery – what kind of shock

Hypovolemic

Fluid treatment for hypovolemic shock

As tolerated | • Lactated ringers

Teaching client self-administering Epi-pen –

placement of the injection

Relationship between sepsis and age

As it progresses- anxiety, mild HTN, hypoxia, higher fever, more significant mental changes, tachycardia worsens As we age, our immune system becomes less effective at fighting infections. This results in older people contracting more infections and they are more severe. more likely to see a drop in cognitive (mental) abilities that can make it impossible for them to return to their previous living arrangements. As well, the risk of dying from severe sepsis or septic shock rises as you get older.

Sepsis s/s

s/s- body temp above 101 or below 96.8, heart rate above 90, resp higher than 20/min

Dyspneic, crackles in lungs, fluid volume excess, CHF - what physiologic symptom will be present

Increased blood pressure Edema Swollen jugular vein

Med allergy most at risk for anaphylactic shock

? Medication- penicillin Latex , medication , shellfish, milk, eggs, and bee stings

Nursing responsibility for prevention of shock

Monitor patient for signs and symptoms of shock, take immediate action if patient becomes positive for shock

Warm, flushed skin, fever, increase respiratory rate and heart rate – what stage of sepsis

Stage 1

First line of treatment for anaphylactic shock

Maintain airway

Primary treatment for hypovolemic shock

Stop fluid loss or blood loss | • Give fluids or blood

Most serious complication for anaphylactic shock

Bronchoconstriction?

2nd and 3rd degree burns – what type of shock at risk for

Hypovolemic

Hypovolemic shock – risk for what electrolyte imbalance

Hypokalemia- after large amounts of fluids | • Hypo/ hypernatremia- depending on fluids given

Primary treatment for hypovolemic shock

Stop bleeding or fluid loss | • Give blood or lactated ringers

Early sign of cardiogenic shock

Pale, cold; decreased urine; bowel stasis; tachypnea; fatty change; decreased conscious level; tachycardia

Chemical warfare agent, extent of injury – what else?

? a chemical substance whose toxic properties are used to kill, injure or incapacitate human beings. Liquid, gas or solid form In halation chemical exposure Ingestion chemical exposure Contact chemical exposure

1st symptoms of radiation sickness

First : Nausea Headache Diarrhea Fever 2nd and 3rd: Vomiting, disoriented, weakness, fatigue, hair loss, bloody vomit and stools, infections, poor wound healing, hypotension

CDC does this

An agency of the federal government whose goal is to: promote health and quality-of-life by preventing and controlling disease and injury and disability

Medical or surgical condition requiring immediate or timely intervention to prevent permanent disability or death

An emergency in healthcare

Triage in ER – what to triage first

? It is the sorting out of patients into categories of priority of care depending on illness and severity. Triage people who need immediate care and transport first. First priority - red tag

A situation or event of greater magnitude that an emergency and that is unforeseen, serious, or immediate threat to public health serious disruption, occurring over a relatively short time, of the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human,

Disaster

CPR in the hospital, promote respiration – what will you use

CAB. Compressions stat for unconscious or non-breeding person with normal patterns. Second responder gets defib you later equipment. After compressions are established a bag valve mask is used to provide breath. (BVM) Use a mask for respiration’s Bag valve mask to push air into lungs

Morphine drug of choice in a cardiopulmonary emergency – why?

MONA Morphine oxygen nitro aspirin To decrease pain of chest discomfort and reduce panic and anxiety (calming effect)

Abdominal pain assessment – what 4 things to assess

? PQRST Provoked , quality , region/radiation, severity, timing

Penetrating trauma bowel loops protruding – what do you do?

Apply a moist sterile dressing followed by a dry sterile dressing

Treatment of simple strains and sprains

RICE- Rest Ice Compression Elevation Splinting Suturing Rehab exercises

Frostbite to feet and toes – what to do?

``` ? Check for hypothermia, protect skin from further exposure, get out of the cold, remove wet clothes, gently warm affected areas, over-the-counter pain medication such as ibuprofen, protect injury, debride if needed, antibiotics, clotbusting drugs, wound therapy, whirlpool therapy ```

8 yr old bee sting, emergency – consent?

? Informed consent is only needed when anesthesia is used because the procedure is considered invasive, the procedure is non surgical but has more than a slight risk of complications such as an arteriogram or radiation or cobalt therapy is used.

Triage injury, system ranks – what is it?

? Trauma triage is the use of trauma assessment for prioritising of patients for treatment or transport according to their severity of injury Red is immediate-first priority- stat help Yellow- delayed transport - serious injury but not expected to deteriorate for several hours Green- minor injuries- unlikely to deteriorate over days and may assist in own care. Black- expectant- victim unlikely to survive. Provide palliative and pain relief

Mass casualty and traditional triage – what’s the difference

? Mass casualty uses the START method. ED is emergent, example: immediate intervention to sustain life or limb urgent, example care required in 1 to 2 hours to prevent deterioration non-urgent, example care can be delayed without serious risks (Level one is most acute care needs. Level 5 needs least care, 1 and 2 based on acuity. 3-5 based on resources a client will need. )

Terrorists attack/triage – multiple choice question

Terminal cancer and CAM – multiple choice question

Epi-Pen – multiple choice question

? | Can use Epi pen through clothes in outer thigh for anaphylactic shock

In halation chemical exposure signs and symptoms?

Headache, dizziness, red eyes, coughing, throat pain, wheezing, SOB, lung cancer, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, skin cancer, nervousness, loss of coordination and balance

Ingestion chemical exposure signs and symptoms?

Skin reaction, constructed airway, swelling of the tongue or throat, wheezing, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness

Contact chemical exposure signs and symptoms?

Pruritus, burning, rash, erythema

Occurs when high-energy radiation damages or destroy a certain cells in the body, Intestinal lining, stomach, and blood cells and producing cells of bone marrow are most vulnerable

Radiation sickness

Therapy used instead of conventional or mainstream medical practice

Alternative therapy

Therapy used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies

Complementary therapy

A technique of releasing blocked energy within a person wins specific points along the meridians are pressed or massaged by the practitioners fingers or hands

Acupressure

Technique of application of needles and heat to various points on the body to alter the energy flow

Acupuncture

The science of life, refers to India’s traditional medicine which has underlined spiritual basis

Ayurveda

Measures psychological responses assist individuals to improve their health by using signals from their own bodies

Biofeedback

Of or relating to the interrelationship of the nervous system and consciousness, or relating to the mental functions of the CNS

Psychoneural medications

And activity that brings the mind and spirit and focus on the present and provokes a sense of peace and relaxation

Meditation

Examples of antioxidants

Vitamin c and E, blueberries dark chocolate pecans artichokes can you beans cranberry blackberries cilantro