test 3

Question 1

The _____phase has a greater tendency than the gas to wet the solid.

Answer 1

Question 2

why is 2 phase analysis satisfactory

Answer 2

Question 3

what are the curved lines

Answer 3

relative permeability

Question 4

describe this chart

Answer 4

Question 5

If the porous medium is assumed to be a bundle of capillary tubes of various radii, then the capillary-pressure-saturation curve relates ____________

Answer 5

Question 6

describe how to measure k_r in the lab using the unsteady state method

Answer 6

Question 7

how is permeability of oil reported with the saturation of oil is 60% and water 13%

Answer 7

Question 8

what is the drainage curve

Answer 8

Question 9

what is the equation for gas saturation at the outflow during the Welge method of measuring k_r

Answer 9

Question 10

describe the shape of the graph

Answer 10

Question 11

Its not possible to measure ______ directly in the reservoir

Answer 11

Question 12

a wettability number of zero means what

Answer 12

Question 13

________ is a generalized form of Darcy’s law which describes simultaneous flow of two or more immiscible fluids.

Answer 13

Question 14

what is point 3 on this curve

Answer 14

Question 15

•Darcy’s law, originally formulated and developed to apply when the porous medium was ___saturated with a ____ , ______ fluid.

Answer 15

Question 16

what are the assumptions in the Welge method of measuring k_r

Answer 16

Question 17

if you were to graph the size distribution of the poor size, what would be the distrbution for each of the graphs below

Answer 17

unimodel/bimodal vs. trimodal+

Question 18

effective permeability is measured in the ___

Answer 18

Question 19

As the saturation of the nonwetting phase increases, the average pore size saturated with wetting fluid becomes …

Answer 19

Question 20

The area under the right curve gives you what?

Answer 20

permeability of sample

Question 21

what is point 5 on this curve

Answer 21

Question 22

At lower water saturations the oil occupies _____ of the smaller pores.

Answer 22

Question 23

a wettability number of 1 means what

Answer 23

Question 24

describe this graph

Answer 24

Question 25

what factors affect k_r data

Answer 25

1. ) Wetting characteristics of the system can affect the data. 2. ) Saturation history is important in obtaining the curves, and relevant curve to the reservoir should be applied. 3. ) Pore size and pore geometry of the medium 4. ) The connate water saturation. 5. ) The effect of overburden pressure

Question 26

is water or oil easier to inject into the rock

Answer 26

water, p1 is less than p2

Question 27

what quantities are measured during the Welge method of measuring k_r

Answer 27

Question 28

what's the difference between curves 1 and 2

Answer 28

Question 29

what are the equations for relative permeability of each phase

Answer 29

Question 30

limestone / carbonates are ____ wet

Answer 30

oil wet

Question 31

what is the purcell equation

Answer 31

Question 32

what does the graph output of the Welge method of k_r measurement look like

Answer 32

Question 33

curvature of the interface is a funciton of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 33

Question 34

what is the equation for contact angle

Answer 34

Question 35

describe these charts

Answer 35

Question 36

what are the 4 ways to measure k_r

Answer 36

Question 37

describe these two charts

Answer 37

Question 38

what are the advantages and disadvantages of using the Welge methdo to measure k_r

Answer 38

Question 39

what is threshold pressure

Answer 39

Question 40

k_rg is dependent only on the total saturation of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_and independent of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 40

Question 41

•The degree of wetting is a function of\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ between fluids and fluid-solid.

Answer 41

Question 42

describe this graph

Answer 42

Question 43

describe lab measurement of k_r using steady state method

Answer 43

Question 44

describe this chart

Answer 44

Question 45

The interfacial tension between water and oil is \_\_\_\_\_than that between water and gas.

Answer 45

Question 46

what is effective permeability

Answer 46

Question 47

\_\_\_\_\_ is least likely to wet the surface of rock

Answer 47

Question 48

imbibition represents \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 48

production

Question 49

what is the imbibition curve

Answer 49

Question 50

describe the Weldge method to measure k_r

Answer 50

Question 51

how is the relative permeability of oil determined mathematically using the Welge method

Answer 51

Question 52

effective permability is a function of what?

Answer 52

Question 53

describe this chart

Answer 53

Question 54

what is the equation of wettability number

Answer 54

Question 55

what is point 2 on this curve

Answer 55

Question 56

what is point A in the system

Answer 56

Question 57

The extended ________ caused by oil occupying smaller pores accounts for the change in relative permeability to oil at constant oil saturations and varying water saturations.

Answer 57

Question 58

The oil occupies portions of the rock ______ to the water

Answer 58

Question 59

describe these two graphs

Answer 59

the graph on the right takes an increase in capilarry pressure for the wetting phase to fill the pores

Question 60

The attainment of 100 %, k_rnw at saturations of less than 100% indicates ....

Answer 60

Question 61

what is point 1 on this curve

Answer 61

Question 62

permeability data ______ when overburden pressure is applied

Answer 62

increases

Question 63

sandstones are _____ wet

Answer 63

water wet

Question 64

why use mercurity injection capillary pressure measurement (MICP)

Answer 64

to create a pore size distribution plot

Question 65

which types of formation would we prefer?

Answer 65

Left, because the rocks have good poor networks and are well sorted

Question 66

threshold pressure is used to measure ______ in the reservoir

Answer 66

Question 67

Above equilibrium saturation, the nonwetting fluid occupies....

Answer 67

Question 68

what is the equation for relative permeability

Answer 68

Question 69

what are the two ways to express wettability

Answer 69

Question 70

what is point 4 on this curve

Answer 70

Question 71

The imbibition technique causes the nonwetting phase to lose its ______ at higher values of saturation than drainage

Answer 71

Question 72

how is the cumulative gas injected as a function of time in pore volume measured during the Welge meathod of measuring k_r

Answer 72

Question 73

how is average gas saturation measured during the Welge method of measuring k_r

Answer 73

Question 74

how is k_r determined in the field

Answer 74

Question 75

Contact angle is a function of ______ of the fluid and solid

Answer 75

Question 76

rapid decline in k_rw indicates what

Answer 76

Question 77

draw the tertiary phase diagrams for all three relative permeabilities

Answer 77